Case Report: A case study of positive doping control by animal-to-human drug transfer after an athlete administered medicine in spray format, containing clostebol acetate, to a pet dog.

The presence of a doping substance in an athlete's biological sample may not be only related to intentional pharmacological support. The unintended use of a prohibited substance may be due various reasons. This paper describes the case of a Polish canoeist preparing for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris who presented a positive doping test result, as a consequence of administering medication to her injured dog.

Predicting Future Athletic Performance in Young Female Road Cyclists Based on Aerobic Fitness and Hematological Variables.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether the initial levels of aerobic fitness and hematological variables in young female road cyclists are related to their athletic performance development during their careers.

Methods: Results of graded exercise tests on a cycle ergometer and total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) measurements were analyzed in 34 female road cyclists (age 18.6 [1.

Illegal Use of Testosterone and Other Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in the Population of Amateur Athletes in Wrocław, Poland-An Unfavorable Lifestyle Trend in the Population of Men of Reproductive Age.

One factor that may negatively impact male reproductive health is the illegal use of testosterone and anabolic-androgenic steroids. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of testosterone use in recreational athletes, as well as factors associated with its use, and to determine the profile of a person using testosterone. A cross-sectional analysis of data from an anonymous, online questionnaire of men recruited from gyms, randomly selected in Wrocław, Poland, has been performed.

Does sodium bicarbonate based extra-cellular buffering support reduce high intensity exercise-induced fatigue and enhance short-term recovery assessed by selected blood biochemical indices?

Exercise-induced metabolic processes induce muscle acidification which contributes to a reduction in the ability to perform repeated efforts. Alkalizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) prevent large blood pH changes, however, there is no evidence on whether regulation of acid-base balance may also support whole body homeostasis monitored through heamatological and biochemical blood markers in a dose-dependent manner. Thirty Cross-Fit-trained participants were studied in a randomized, multi cross-over, placebo (PLA)-controlled double-blind manner in which they performed a control session (CTRL, without supplementation), three NaHCO visits (three different doses) and PLA (sodium chloride in an equimolar amount of sodium as NaHCO).

Selective androgen receptor modulator use and related adverse events including drug-induced liver injury: Analysis of suspected cases.

Purpose: Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have demonstrated agonist activity on the androgen receptor in various tissues, stimulating muscle mass growth and improving bone reconstruction. Despite being in clinical trials, none has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency for pharmacotherapy. Still, SARMs are very popular as performance-enhancing drugs.

Relationships between Changes in Hematological Adaptations and Exercise Capacity in Olympic Rowers after a Period of Reduced Training Loads.

Endurance performance is positively associated with hematological adaptations; therefore, high total hemoglobin mass and intravascular volumes are commonly observed in high-level endurance athletes. However, it is still unclear whether the fluctuations in exercise capacity that typically occur in endurance athletes during the annual training cycle are directly associated with changes in hematological adaptations, which appear to be relatively stable during this time. To better understand this issue, a study was conducted with 10 Olympic rowers, who followed the same training program.

Sports Elite Means Vaccine Elite? Concerns and Beliefs Related to COVID-19 Vaccines among Olympians and Elite Athletes.

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the concerns and beliefs of Olympians and elite athletes toward COVID-19 vaccination. (2) Methods: The study was framed by a quantitative method and was conducted using the PAPI () technique among 895 Polish elite athletes representing 34 sports. (3) Results: Three-quarters (76.

Vaccine versus infection - COVID-19-related loss of training time in elite athletes.

Objectives: To determine the number of training days lost due to COVID-19 and vaccination against COVID-19 in elite athletes.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: The questionnaire on the impact of vaccination and COVID-19 on training plans was filled out by 1073 elite Polish athletes who underwent routine medical screening between September and December 2021.

Cases reports: Unintended anti-doping rule violation after dorzolamide use several months prior to a doping control.

The use of specific medicine up to several months before a doping control is not be reported on the doping control form, while the drug could then still be detectable in urine in case of a very slow elimination. It may lead to a positive test result. For example, dorzolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for topical ophthalmic application, has a very slow elimination rate via the renal route (half-life > 4 months).

Elite athletes with COVID-19 - Predictors of the course of disease.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify predictors determining the course of COVID-19 and antibody response in elite athletes.

Design: Observational study.

Methods: Routine medical screening with physical examination, resting ECG, and laboratory tests including antibody response was performed 12-68 days after the diagnosis of COVID-19 in 111 athletes of different sports.

Is vitamin D status reflected by testosterone concentration in elite athletes?

Vitamin D is a nutrient whose active form affects tissues as a hormone and possibly enhances performance. One plausible mechanism is by increasing testosterone concentration, which is established as an important factor for athletic performance. Therefore the aim of the study was to examine the relationship between plasma concentration of 25(OH)D and testosterone in Polish elite track and field athletes depending on vitamin D status, season, training period, body composition, sex, type of training, sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation.

Vitamin B Status and Optimal Range for Hemoglobin Formation in Elite Athletes.

Background: Athletes and coaches believe in the ergogenic effect of vitamin B (which results from enhanced erythropoiesis) and they often insist on its unjustified supplementation. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the vitamin B status in Polish elite athletes and its influence on red blood cell parameters.

Methods: In total, 1131 blood samples were collected during six years from 243 track and field athletes divided into strength and endurance groups, as well as according to the declared use of vitamin B injections.

Safety and Impact on Training of the Influenza Vaccines in Elite Athletes Participating in the Rio 2016 Olympics.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and tolerance of influenza vaccines for the northern and southern hemispheres in Polish elite athletes participating in the Rio 2016 Olympics.

Design: Prospective, observational, cohort study.

Setting: Institutional level.

Hematological status and endurance performance predictors after low altitude training supported by normobaric hypoxia: a double-blind, placebo controlled study.

The benefits of altitude/hypoxic training for sea level performance are still under debate. This study examined the effects of low altitude training supported by normobaric hypoxia on hematological status and endurance performance predictors in elite female cyclists. Twenty-two female cyclists trained for 3 weeks at low altitude (<1100 m) and 2 weeks near sea level.

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Mucosal Immunity in Young Ice Hockey Players During the Pretournament Training Period.

Orysiak, J, Witek, K, Malczewska-Lenczowska, J, Zembron-Lacny, A, Pokrywka, A, and Sitkowski, D. Upper respiratory tract infection and mucosal immunity in young ice hockey players during the pretournament training period. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3129-3135, 2019-The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 17 days of training during preparation for the Ice Hockey Under 18 World Championship of the Polish ice hockey national team on the mucosal immune function and monitor upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) incidence before, during, and after the competition.

Asthma and exercise-induced respiratory disorders in athletes. The position paper of the Polish Society of Allergology and Polish Society of Sports Medicine.

Exercise-induced respiratory symptoms describe acute airway narrowing that occurs as a result of exercise. It includes exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise-induced asthma (EIA) issues. To provide clinicians with practical guidelines, a multidisciplinary panel of stakeholders was convened to review the pathogenesis of EIB/EIA and to develop evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment.

Comparison of GC-MS and MEKC methods for caffeine determination in preworkout supplements.

In this study, GC-MS- and MEKC-based methods for determination of caffeine (CAF) in preworkout supplements were developed and validated. The proposed protocols utilized minimal sample preparation (simple dilution and syringe filtration). The developed methods achieved satisfactory validation parameters, i.

Antibody Response to Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in the Northern and the Southern Hemisphere in Elite Athletes.

Being frequent travelers, the elite athletes are advised to undergo an influenza vaccination. The aim of the study was to describe the antibody response to repeated trivalent, inactivated, split influenza vaccine, of different antigenic content, recommended for the Northern and the Southern Hemisphere, administered to sportsmen before the Olympic Games in Brasil in 2016. Fourteen athletes were included in the study.

Herbal medicine for sports: a review.

during last decades. At present, some herbs are used to enhance muscle strength and body mass. Emergent evidence suggests that the health benefits from plants are attributed to their bioactive compounds such as Polyphenols, Terpenoids, and Alkaloids which have several physiological effects on the human body.

Interrelationships between changes in erythropoietin, plasma volume, haemoglobin concentration, and total haemoglobin mass in endurance athletes.

Interrelationships between physiological changes (Δ) in erythropoietin (EPO), plasma volume (PV), haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), and total haemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) were examined in cyclists who trained in different altitudes. Regardless of differences in pattern of changes observed in three training locations, ΔEPO was correlated positively with ΔPV, negatively with Δ[Hb], and trivially with ΔtHb-mass. Δ[Hb] was negatively correlated with ΔPV.

Pertussis outbreak in Polish shooters with adverse event analysis.

In addition to different injuries, infections are the most common reason for giving up training altogether or reducing its volume and intensity, as well as a lack of opportunities to participate in sports competitions. Nowadays, a slow but constant re-emergence of pertussis, especially among teenagers and young adults, including athletes, can be observed. This paper describes an outbreak of pertussis among professional Polish shooters, focusing on the transmission of infection between members of the national team, its influence on performance capacity and adverse event analysis.

Left Atrial Enlargement in Young High-Level Endurance Athletes - Another Sign of Athlete's Heart?

Enlargement of the left atrium is perceived as a part of athlete's heart syndrome, despite the lack of evidence. So far, left atrial size has not been assessed in the context of exercise capacity. The hypothesis of the present study was that LA enlargement in athletes was physiological and fitness-related condition.

Total Hemoglobin Mass, Aerobic Capacity, and HBB Gene in Polish Road Cyclists.

Malczewska-Lenczowska, J, Orysiak, J, Majorczyk, E, Zdanowicz, R, Szczepańska, B, Starczewski, M, Kaczmarski, J, Dybek, T, Pokrywka, A, Ahmetov, II, and Sitkowski, D. Total hemoglobin mass, aerobic capacity, and the HBB gene in polish road cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3512-3519, 2016-The relationship between genes, amount of hemoglobin, and physical performance are still not clearly defined.