Color as an Indicator of Properties in Thermally Modified Scots Pine Sapwood.

The aim of this study was to determine the dependencies between mechanical properties of modified wood and its color. Within its scope, quantitative changes in color and chemical composition (mass loss, total carbon content, content of extractives and main components of wood), as well as mechanical properties (compressive strength along the grain, strength and modulus of elasticity in longitudinal tension tests, compression across the grain and impact resistance) of the modified Scots pine sapwood, were determined. Modifications were conducted in the atmosphere of superheated steam (time-4 h, temperature of 130, 160, 190, 220 °C).

Impact of the Heat Treatment Duration on Color and Selected Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Scots Pine Wood.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the duration of heat treatment on changes in the color, as well as the chemical and mechanical properties of Scots pine sapwood. An important element of the research was to obtain the assumed temperature in the entire volume of samples. Quantitative changes in color and its components were recorded, while mechanical properties were determined in tests of compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain, longitudinal tensile strength and modulus of elasticity and impact strength.

The influence of the thermal modification of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood on the creation of fine dust particles in plane milling: Fine dust creation in the plane milling of thermally modified pine wood.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of parameters of the thermal modification process and machining on the size distribution of dust particles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) generated during lengthwise milling.

Method: Unmodified wood and thermally modified wood at temperatures of 130, 160, 190, and 220°C were milled lengthwise at cutting depths of 0.

Risk analysis for operating active wheelchairs in non-urban settings.

Introduction: A wheelchair is a special vehicle designed specifically for people with walking limitations. One of the types is an active wheelchair. This is a manually propelled wheelchair, the design and structure of which maximise the mobility of its given user at the expense of accepted instability.

Selected environmental aspects of the introduction into the polish market of exotic wood species on the example of caviuna (Machaerium scleroxylon Tul.).

The chemical and elemental composition of caviuna wood was determined. The elemental composition of the examined wood was similar to the elemental composition of the deciduous tree species of the temperate zone except that it did not contain sulphur. The examined wood was found to comprise a very high content of extractive substances which could contain toxic substances, as well as a considerably higher proportion than in other palisander species mineral compounds determining tool dulling.