Evaluation of morphology, apoptosis, and cell proliferation of the uterus in postmenopausal women.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology (atrophy and fibrosis), apopto-sis, and cell proliferation in the uterine wall. The research material came from postmenopausal women who had undergone hysterectomy due to uterine myomas or prolapse of the reproductive organ and were not taking menopausal hormone therapy (MTH).

Material And Methods: The collected material was divided into three groups.

The long-term effects of multidrug immunosuppressive protocols based on calcineurin inhibitors and conversion to rapamycin on the morphology, apoptosis, and proliferation of rat salivary glands.

Background: The effect of multidrug immunosuppressive protocols on the salivary glands is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the influence of immunosuppressive regimens based on calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and conversion to rapamycin on the morphology, apoptosis, and proliferation of rat salivary glands.

Methods: Male rats received cyclosporin A (CsA), tacrolimus (FK-506), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), rapamycin (Rapa), and prednisone (Pre) according to three-drug protocols: CMP (CsA, MMF, and Pre), CMP/R (CsA, MMF, and Pre with conversion to Rapa), TMP (FK-506, MMF, and Pre), and TMP/R (FK-506, MMF, and Pre with conversion to Rapa).

Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer in adult patients - Recommendations of Polish Scientific Societies and the National Oncological Strategy. 2022 Update [Diagnostyka i leczenie raka tarczycy u chorych dorosłych - Rekomendacje Polskich Towarzystw Naukowych oraz Narodowej Strategii Onkologicznej. Aktualizacja na rok 2022].

The guidelines Thyroid Cancer 2022 are prepared based on previous Polish recommendations updated in 2018. They consider international guidelines - American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2015 and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN); however, they are adapted according to the ADAPTE process. The strength of the recommendations and the quality of the scientific evidence are assessed according to the GRADE system and the ATA 2015 and NCCN recommendations.

Molecular type and maximal metastasis diameter influence risk of axillary recurrence in breast cancer patients after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Background: Breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may be spared axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in favour of irradiation. The aim of the study was to estimate local control probability in the axilla (axLCP).

Materials And Methods: We identified 1832 invasive breast cancer patients who had undergone SLNB at our centre.

Markers of Inflammation and Vascular Parameters in Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator (Ulipristal Acetate)-Treated Uterine Fibroids.

The exact mechanism of selective progesterone receptor modulator action in leiomyoma still challenges researchers. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of ulipristal acetate (UPA) on immunoexpression of inflammatory markers and vascularization in fibroids. UPA-treated patients were divided into three groups: (1) good response (≥25% reduction in volume of fibroid), (2) weak response (insignificant volume reduction), (3) and no response to treatment (no decrease or increase in fibroid volume).

Serum Selenium Level and 10-Year Survival after Melanoma.

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive human malignancies. The determination of prognostic biomarkers is important for the early detection of recurrence and for the enrollment of the patients into different treatment regimens. Herein, we report the 10-year survival of 375 melanoma patients depending on their serum selenium levels.

Project Report on Telemedicine: What We Learned about the Administration and Development of a Binational Digital Infrastructure Project.

This article describes the development of a German-Polish cross-border telemedicine project. Funded by the European Union Interreg Program, a cooperation between several German and Polish hospitals was developed over the course of 16 years, starting in 2002. Subprojects, governance and outcomes are described, and facilitators and barriers are identified.

The long-term effects of rapamycin-based immunosuppressive protocols on the expression of renal aquaporins 1, 2, 3 and 4 water channels in rats.

Background: To this day, the effect of multi-drug immunosuppressive protocols on renal expression of AQPs is unknown. This study aimed to determine the influence of rapamycin-based multi-drug immunosuppressive regimens on the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the rat kidney.

Methods: For 6 months, 24 male Wistar rats were administered immunosuppressants, according to the three-drug protocols used in patients after organ transplantation.

The Postnatal Offspring of Finasteride-Treated Male Rats Shows Hyperglycaemia, Elevated Hepatic Glycogen Storage and Altered GLUT2, IR, and AR Expression in the Liver.

Background: A growing body of data indicates that the physiology of the liver is sex-hormone dependent, with some types of liver failure occurring more frequently in males, and some in females. In males, in physiological conditions, testosterone acts via androgen receptors (AR) to increase insulin receptor (IR) expression and glycogen synthesis, and to decrease glucose uptake controlled by liver-specific glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2). Our previous study indicated that this mechanism may be impaired by finasteride, a popular drug used in urology and dermatology, inhibiting 5α-reductase 2, which converts testosterone (T) into dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

Effects of Three-Month Feeding High Fat Diets with Different Fatty Acid Composition on Myocardial Proteome in Mice.

Westernized diet is characterized by a high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a low level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), often accompanied by an imbalance in the omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio. Since increased intake of SFA and n-6 PUFA is considered as a cardiovascular disease risk factor, this study was conducted to determine whether a three-month dietary supplementation of high-fat diets (HFDs) with saturated fatty acids and a significant proportion of various n-6 and n-3 PUFA ratios would affect the architecture and protein expression patterns of the murine heart. Therefore, three HFD ( = 6) feeding groups: rich in SFA, dominated by PUFA with the n-6/n-3-14:1, and n-6/n-3-5:1, ratios were compared to animals fed standard mouse chow.

Locoregional relapse is a strong prognostic indicator of distant metastatic progression in breast cancer patients after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Purpose: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is routinely used in breast cancer patients with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes. Locoregional relapses after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy are infrequent, occurring in up to 3% of patients.

Methods: Six thousand and eight patients underwent breast cancer surgery in our center between 2006 and 2015.

Constitutional variants in POT1, TERF2IP, and ACD genes in patients with melanoma in the Polish population.

Evaluation of the prevalence of POT1, ACD, and TERF2IP mutations among Polish melanoma patients. A cohort of 60 patients from melanoma-prone families, 1500 unselected cases and 1500 controls were genotyped. Methodology included Sanger sequencing, in-silico software predilection, and TaqMan assays.

The Effects of Long-Term Immunosuppressive Therapies on the Structure of the Rat Prostate.

Little is known about the overall impact of immunosuppressive drugs on the prostate. The study aimed to determine the impact of different protocols of immunosuppressive treatment on the structure of the rat ventral prostate. : For 6 months, 48 male Wistar rats received immunosuppressive drugs: cyclosporin A, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, rapamycin, and prednisone, according to three-drug protocols.

The diameter of metastasis in positive sentinel lymph node biopsy affects axillary tumor load in early breast cancer.

Introduction: Omission of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after positive sentinel lymph biopsy (SLNB) has become a standard procedure for breast cancer patients with one or two metastatic lymph nodes. Here the aim was model development for selection for ALND.

Material And Methods: We analyzed 323 positive SLNB breast cancer patients, who afterwards underwent ALND.

Assessment of morphological changes and steroid receptors in the uteri of postmenopausal women.

Introduction: The morphology of the endometrium constantly changes in the reproductive period, depending on the levels of ovarian steroid hormones, and undergoes atrophic changes during menopause as a result of their insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to analyze morphological and morphometric changes in the mucous and muscle layers of the uterine wall in postmenopausal women, and to assess localization and number of cells showing the expression of steroid hormone receptors, namely estrogen receptor α (ER-α), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR) in glandular epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells in particular groups of women.

Material And Methods: The study material consisted of uterine specimens sectioned across the full thickness of the uterine wall, and embedded in 164 paraffin blocks.

BRCA1/2 mutations are not a common cause of malignant melanoma in the Polish population.

The association of BRCA1/2 mutations with melanoma is not completely determined; the interpretation of variants of unknown significance is also problematic. To evaluate these issues we explored the molecular basis of melanoma risk by performing whole-exome sequencing on a cohort of 96 unrelated Polish early-onset melanoma patients and targeted sequencing of BRCA1/2 genes on additional 30 melanoma patients with familial aggregation of breast and other cancers. Sequencing was performed on peripheral blood.

Founder Mutations for Early Onset Melanoma as Revealed by Whole Exome Sequencing Suggests That This is Not Associated with the Increasing Incidence of Melanoma in Poland.

Purpose: Germline mutations within melanoma susceptibility genes are present only in minority of melanoma patients and it is expected that additional genes will be discovered with next generation sequence technology and whole-exome sequencing (WES).

Materials And Methods: Herein we performed WES on a cohort of 96 unrelated Polish patients with melanoma diagnosed under the age of 40 years who all screened negative for the presence of CDKN2Avariants. A replication study using a set of 1,200 melanoma patient DNA samples and similarly large series of healthy controls was undertaken.

Frequency of whole breast irradiation (WBRT) after intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is strongly influenced by institutional protocol qualification criteria.

Background: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is a promising method of adjuvant radiotherapy for select patients. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is a form of APBI, and appropriate patient selection is important.

Aim: The aim of our study was to analyse the influence of our protocol on the frequency of WBRT after IORT and our protocol's correlation with the reported use of WBRT according to TARGIT guidelines.

Apoptosis and proliferation of the prostate cells in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia and concomitant metabolic disorders.

Introduction: Apoptosis and proliferation of prostate cells are associated with both physiological increase and hyperplasia of the prostate. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of metabolic syndrome to the processes of apoptosis and proliferation in gland epithelial cells and prostatic stromal cells in men with BPH.

Subjects And Methods: The study involved 151 men, aged 52-89 years, receiving pharmacological treatment for BPH.

Effects of an immunosuppressive treatment on the rat prostate.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different combinations of immunosuppressive drugs on the morphology, ultrastructure, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cytoskeleton proteins in the rat dorsolateral prostate. The studies were conducted on 48 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into eight groups: a control group and seven experimental groups.

Risk factors for seroma evacuation in breast cancer patients treated with intraoperative radiotherapy.

Background: Novel techniques in oncology provide new treatment opportunities but also introduce different patterns of side effects. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) allows a shortened overall treatment time for early breast cancer either combined with whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT), or alone. Although the early side effects of IORT are well known, data on clinically important late side effects, which require medical intervention, are scarce.

Frequency assessment of BRAF mutation, KRas mutation, and RASSF1A methylation in nodular goitre based on fine-needle aspiration cytology specimens Ocena częstości występowania mutacji genów BRAF, KRas oraz.

Introduction: Standard pre-operative diagnosis of nodular goitre is not always conclusive. The decision about nodular goitre surgery is increasingly based on molecular methods. The aim of the study was to determine BRAF T1799A mutation and KRas proto-oncogene mutation, and the analysis of RASSF1A promoter methylation level in cytological material obtained from FNAB specimens of thyroid nodules.

The influence of immunosuppressants on the morphology, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptosis in the rat ventral prostate.

Aim: Analysis of the impact of immunosuppressants on apoptosis and PCNA in the rat ventral prostate.

Method: The studies were performed on 48 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into a control group and 7 experimental groups.

Two histologically different tumours in a neonate born from an assisted reproductive technology pregnancy.

The first case of a female neonate born from an in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (IVF-ET (ICSI) with two histologically different tumours (craniopharyngioma and hepatoblastoma) is described. Anti-neoplasmatic therapy was abandoned due to the significant extent of the disease (craniopharyngioma, 15 x 12 cm in diameter with active internal hydrocephalus; and right liver lobe hepatoblastoma, 5 cm in diameter) and the severely impaired general condition of the neonate. The neonate died on the 30th day of life due to cerebellar and brainstem herniation, followed by circulatory and respiratory failure.