Mental and Physical Health Problems as Conditions of Ex-Prisoner Re-Entry.

The article focuses on a less-discussed issue of social marginalization of people leaving penitentiaries, which is the prevalence of multifaceted health problems experienced by people in this category. It includes poor health status, resulting from, among others, poor housing conditions, harmful or risky lifestyle, and lack of access to medical services. Data from the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Lodz, Poland on the health conditions of inmates was accessed.

Risk Factors of Early Adolescence in the Criminal Career of Polish Offenders in the Light of Life Course Theory.

Life course theory (LCT) diagnoses childhood and adolescent factors that determine an individual's involvement in crime in the future. Farrington lists eight key correlates identified by empirical analyses of criminal careers. In this paper, we seek to discuss the inconsistencies with LCT that we observed in our three empirical studies of the criminal careers of Polish offenders.

Age-Graded Transitions and Turning Points in Polish Offenders' Criminal Careers from the Standpoint of Life Course Theory.

Both juvenile and adult criminal careers show regularities in the origins of delinquency, the dynamics of the criminal pathway, and the turning points that lead to desistance/persistence in crime. Research shows that family, education, and friendship environments contribute significantly to the individual choices that create criminal biographies. Our aim was to apply core aspects of life course theory (LCT): trajectory, the aged-graded process, transitions, institutions, and ultimately how desistance/persistence factor into explaining the criminal careers of Polish offenders.

Effect of Fine Size-Fractionated Sunflower Husk Biochar on Water Retention Properties of Arable Sandy Soil.

Biochar application has been reported to improve the physical, chemical, and hydrological properties of soil. However, the information about the size fraction composition of the applied biochar as a factor that may have an impact on the properties of soil-biochar mixtures is often underappreciated. Our research shows how sunflower husk biochar (pyrolyzed at 650 °C) can modify the water retention characteristics of arable sandy soil depending on the biochar dose (up to 9.

Materials Selection and Construction Development for Ensuring the Availability and Durability of the Molten Hydroxide Electrolyte Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (MH-MCFC).

The molten hydroxide electrolyte Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (MH-DCFC) is a promising type of DCFC due to its advantages, such as high ionic conductivity, higher electrochemical activity of carbon (higher anodic oxidation rate and lower overpotentials) and high efficiency of carbon oxidation due to lower operating temperature (the dominant product of carbon oxidation is CO vs. CO). Accordingly, the MH-DCFC can be operated at lower temperatures (roughly 673-873 K), and thus cheaper materials can be used to manufacture the cell.