[Wernicke encephalopathy : a neuro-ophthalmological side effect of bariatric surgery].

Due to an increase in the worldwide prevalence of obesity and the efficiency of bariatric surgery, this procedure is more often performed. Besides its benefits, it has also disadvantages and may be the cause of nutritional deficiencies. Thiamin deficiency is particularly important to diagnose and to treat early as it can lead to major sequelae and even to death.

Making Space in Geographical Analysis.

In this commentary we reflect on the potential and power of geographical analysis, as a set of methods, theoretical approaches, and perspectives, to increase our understanding of how space and place matter for . We emphasize key aspects of the field, including accessibility, urban change, and spatial interaction and behavior, providing a high-level research agenda that indicates a variety of gaps and routes for future research that will not only lead to more equitable and aware solutions to local and global challenges, but also innovative and novel research methods, concepts, and data. We close with a set of representation and inclusion challenges to our discipline, researchers, and publication outlets.

Communicating COVID-19 exposure risk with an interactive website counteracts risk misestimation.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals depended on risk information to make decisions about everyday behaviors and public policy. Here, we assessed whether an interactive website influenced individuals' risk tolerance to support public health goals. We collected data from 11,169 unique users who engaged with the online COVID-19 Event Risk Tool (https://covid19risk.

Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis.

There is no consensus regarding the classification of optic neuritis, and precise diagnostic criteria are not available. This reality means that the diagnosis of disorders that have optic neuritis as the first manifestation can be challenging. Accurate diagnosis of optic neuritis at presentation can facilitate the timely treatment of individuals with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Visualization Design Practices in a Crisis: Behind the Scenes with COVID-19 Dashboard Creators.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of data visualizations were created to inform the public about the rapidly evolving crisis. Data dashboards, a form of information dissemination used during the pandemic, have facilitated this process by visualizing statistics regarding the number of COVID-19 cases over time. Prior work on COVID-19 visualizations has primarily focused on the design and evaluation of specific visualization systems from technology-centered perspectives.

Comparative study of AQP4-NMOSD, MOGAD and seronegative NMOSD: a single-center Belgian cohort.

Purpose: To emphasize physio-pathological, clinical and prognosis differences between conditions causing serious and sometimes very similar clinical manifestations: anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies related diseases, and seronegative NMOSD (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders).

Methods: Based on Wingerchuk et al. (Neurology 85:177-189, 2015) criteria for NMOSD and on those more recently proposed by Jarius et al.

Real-time, interactive website for US-county-level COVID-19 event risk assessment.

Large events and gatherings, particularly those taking place indoors, have been linked to multitransmission events that have accelerated the pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To provide real-time, geolocalized risk information, we developed an interactive online dashboard that estimates the risk that at least one individual with SARS-CoV-2 is present in gatherings of different sizes in the United States. The website combines documented case reports at the county level with ascertainment bias information obtained via population-wide serological surveys to estimate real-time circulating, per-capita infection rates.

Real-time, interactive website for US-county level Covid-19 event risk assessment.

Large events and gatherings, particularly those taking place indoors, have been linked to multi-transmission events that have accelerated the pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To provide real-time, geo-localized risk information, we developed an interactive online dashboard that estimates the risk that at least one individual with SARS-CoV-2 is present in gatherings of different sizes in the United States. The website combines documented case reports at the county level with ascertainment bias information obtained via population-wide serological surveys to estimate real time circulating, per-capita infection rates.

Spread of COVID-19 through Georgia, USA. Near-term projections and impacts of social distancing via a metapopulation model.

Epidemiological forecasts of COVID-19 spread at the country and/or state level have helped shape public health interventions. However, such models leave a scale-gap between the spatial resolution of actionable information (i.e.

Migration and political polarization in the U.S.: An analysis of the county-level migration network.

Research Question: From gridlock in lawmaking to shortened holiday family dinners, partisan polarization pervades social and political life in the United States. We study the degree to which the dynamics of partisan polarization can be observed in patterns of county-to-county migration in the U.S.

[Extended optic neuropathy with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies].

The discovery of autoantibodies targeting aquaporin-4 (AQP4) of astrocytes has improved the understanding and management of Neuromyelitis Optica Syndrome Disorders (NMO-SD), previously considered as a variant of multiple sclerosis. Later, the detection of MOG IgG1 antibodies, directed against an oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, made it possible to distinguish pathologies with different clinical and prognostic particularities, then helping the clinician in his diagnostic and therapeutic approach. This clinical case aims to feature the clinical differences, prognosis and therapeutic solutions of these pathologies.

[Painful Horner's syndrome revealing carotid artery dissection : about four cases].

We report four cases of painful Horner's syndrome due to carotid artery dissection. A lesion on oculosympathic pathway causes Horner's syndrome. A painful Horner's syndrome needs a prompt exploration by tomodensitometry or magnetic resonance imaging to exclude carotid artery dissection.

[Diagnostic approach of vision loss occurring in a white eye].

Vision loss is a major symptom in ophthalmology. We report a clinical observation of acute unilateral non ischemic optic neuropathy in a 55 year old patient to illustrate the diagnostic approach of vision loss occurring in a white eye. Several algorithms are proposed to facilitate the diagnostic approach.

[Primary "pseudotumor cerebri" syndrome or idiopathic intracranial hypertension: clinical features and treatment].

"Pseudotumor cerebri" generally refers to a syndrome associating signs and symptoms of intracranial hypertension, increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and normal CSF composition, without any identifiable intracranial abnormality, particularly by neuroimaging studies. Although the "idiopathic" variant of the syndrome is most common, there are secondary forms where a cause can be found. The term "benign intracranial hypertension" should be abandoned, since permanent visual impairment can complicate the condition.

The rise of partisanship and super-cooperators in the U.S. House of Representatives.

It is widely reported that partisanship in the United States Congress is at an historic high. Given that individuals are persuaded to follow party lines while having the opportunity and incentives to collaborate with members of the opposite party, our goal is to measure the extent to which legislators tend to form ideological relationships with members of the opposite party. We quantify the level of cooperation, or lack thereof, between Democrat and Republican Party members in the U.

[Recurring vertigo].

We report the case of a young patient who was seen at the outpatient clinic for recurring vertigo. The diagnosis was vestibular migraine. Considering the long delay between the onset of symptoms and the definite diagnosis, we found it appropriate to review the diagnostic workup in such cases which is multidisciplinary, implying otologists, ophtalmologists and neurologists.

[Third cranial nerve palsies in childhood. A case report of sellar germ cell tumor].

Purpose: Third cranial nerve palsies are unfrequent in childhood and adolescence and are most often congenital. The association of sellar germ cell tumor and ophthalmoplegia is considered as being very rare at this age.

Case Report: A 11-year-old young girl was examined in emergency with a third left cranial nerve partial palsy associated with one- year duration history of hypopituitarism with insipid diabetes and growth retardation.

Redrawing the map of Great Britain from a network of human interactions.

Do regional boundaries defined by governments respect the more natural ways that people interact across space? This paper proposes a novel, fine-grained approach to regional delineation, based on analyzing networks of billions of individual human transactions. Given a geographical area and some measure of the strength of links between its inhabitants, we show how to partition the area into smaller, non-overlapping regions while minimizing the disruption to each person's links. We tested our method on the largest non-Internet human network, inferred from a large telecommunications database in Great Britain.

[Diagnostic exercise for the medical school student: how to analyze an abnormality of eye movements?].

Eye movements abnormalities are common symptoms in neurology. We report a clinical observation of ischemic unilateral internuclear ophtalmoplegia to illustrate how much anatomical diagnosis is based on 1) a detailed neurological examination and 2) a deep knowledge and understanding of the anatomy and physiology of ocular movements. We also take this opportunity to review ocular symptoms and signs encountered in neurological practice.

Absence of hypogonadism in a male patient with a giant prolactinoma: a clinical paradox.

Background: Impotence and decreased libido are the cardinal features of prolactinomas in males. We describe the unusual clinical, pathological and biochemical features in a male patient with a giant prolactinoma and normal gonadal function.

Case Report: A 57 year-old man presented with visual symptoms related to a 30x25x60mm tumor of the sella and skull base.

[Bilateral optic atrophy in a drug addict].

Bilateral optic neuropathy in a young man is suggestive of hereditary or toxic damage. We describe the case of a 38-year-old man with bilateral optic neuropathy. His best corrected visual acuity was light perception OD and 20/125 OS.

[Amiodarone associated optic neuropathies--two cases reports].

We described two cases with papilledema within the first months of amiodarone treatment. The particular aspects of these cases are, on one hand the development of the optic neuropathy before any toxic change of the cornea and on the other hand the daily and weekly doses prescribed in both cases. We reviewed the meta-analysis studies on the subject and the different pathogenic mechanisms described until now.

Novel SACS mutation in a Belgian family with sacsin-related ataxia.

The authors describe the four patients in the first known Belgian family with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS). A novel homozygous missense mutation, NM_014363.3: c.

Wegener's granulomatosis and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy: Atypical associated conditions.

We report the atypical course of two patients with posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) and Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). The first case suggests that the optic nerve could be the primary and unique localization of WG. The second case suggests retrobulbar neuritis as another manifestation of WG, secondary to the autoimmune diathesis underlying this disease.