Real-World Performance of the Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier (GSC)-A Meta-analysis.

Context: The Afirma® GSC aids in risk stratifying indeterminate thyroid nodule cytology (ITN). The 2018 GSC validation study (VS) reported a sensitivity (SN) of 91%, specificity (SP) of 68%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 47%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 96%. Since then, 13 independent real-world (RW) postvalidation studies have been published.

Testing for Afirma in Thyroid Nodules with High-Risk Indeterminate Cytology (TIR3B): First Italian Experience.

A percentage of 15 to 30% of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is indeterminate, i.e., TIR3A and TIR3B according to the Italian consensus for thyroid cytology.

Spinal subdural hematoma after lumbar discectomy without dural injury - Is it possible? A case report and literature review.

Background: Spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) is a rare complication of lumbar discectomy. Here, the authors reviewed 10 articles concerning the etiology, clinical, diagnostic, and surgical management of SSDH.

Case Description: A postoperative SSDH occurred following a lumbar microdiscectomy in an 80-year-old patient in the absence of a dural injury.

Usefulness of desmopressin testing to predict relapse during long-term follow-up in patients in remission from Cushing's disease.

Recurrence of Cushing's disease after successful transsphenoidal surgery occurs in some 30% of the patients and the response to desmopressin shortly after surgery has been proposed as a marker for disease recurrence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response to desmopressin over time after surgery. We tested 56 patients with Cushing's disease in remission after transsphenoidal surgery with desmopressin for up to 20 years after surgery.

Sonography of Normal and Abnormal Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands.

Ultrasonography (US) represents the most sensitive and efficient method for the evaluation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Infectious and autoimmune thyroiditis are common diseases, usually diagnosed and followed up by clinical examination and laboratory analyses. Nevertheless, US plays an important role in confirming diagnoses, predicting outcomes and, in autoimmune hyperthyroidism, in titrating therapy.

Ultrasound features of medullary thyroid carcinoma correlate with cancer aggressiveness: a retrospective multicenter study.

Background: Poor prognosis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) with suspicious ultrasound (US) features has been reported. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between preoperative US presentation and aggressiveness features of MTC. Also, US features of MTC were compared with those previously reported.

Analysis of tissue surrounding thyroid nodules by ultrasound digital images.

Since US is not easily reproducible, the digital image analysis (IA) has been proposed so that the image evaluation is not subjective. In fact, IA meets the criteria of objectivity, accurateness, and reproducibility by a matrix of pixels whose value is displayed in a gray level. This study aims at evaluating via IA the tissue surrounding a thyroid nodule (backyard tissue, BT) from goitres with benign (b-BT) and malignant (m-BT) lesions.

Ultrasound B-flow imaging in the evaluation of thermal ablation of thyroid nodules.

The aim of percutaneous thermal ablation is to reduce the volume of benign thyroid nodules. B-flow imaging, a non-Doppler technology for blood flow imaging, provides a real-time visualization of vascularity, and gives accurate information on the vessel lumen in high spatial and temporal resolution. Little is known about the possible application of this new technique on thyroid nodules after thermal treatments.

The peculiar ultrasonographic and elastographic features of thyroid nodules after treatment with laser or radiofrequency: similarities and differences.

The aim of percutaneous thermal ablation with laser (LA) or radiofrequency (RFA) is to reduce the volume of benign thyroid nodules. Little is known about ultrasonographic and elastographic appearances of thyroid lesions after treatment. For the first time, we report in detail the main ultrasonographic and elastographic characteristics of thermally ablated nodules and their underlying similarities and differences.

Elastographic techniques of thyroid gland: current status.

Thyroid nodules are very common with malignancies accounting for about 5 %. Fine-needle biopsy is the most accurate test for thyroid cancer diagnosis. Elastography, a new technology directly evaluating the elastic property of the tissue, has been recently added to the diagnostic armamentarium of the endocrinologists as noninvasive predictor of thyroid malignancy.

Elastographic presentation of synchronous renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the thyroid gland.

Synchronous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are extremely uncommon with only few sporadic cases published in the literature and data on their elastographic appearance are lacking. Here we described a case of woman with multinodular goiter bearing a RCC metastasis, in which exhaustive ultrasonographic and qualitative elastographic evaluation were performed. The metastatic lesion presented some suspicious ultrasonographic features but was mainly "soft" at qualitative elastographic evaluation, suggesting that RCC metastasis may represent a possible pitfall for the qualitative elastographic evaluation of thyroid nodules.

Elastographic presentation of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Aim of the study was to evaluate the elastographic appearance of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) by a retrospective evaluation of 18 nodules histologically proven as MTC. Free-hand qualitative elastography was performed using Hitachi Logos EUB 7500. The elasticity score (ES), was assessed based on a colour elastogram, the blue colour being correlated with hard tissue, red colour with soft tissue, and green with intermediate hardness.

Standardized Ultrasound Report for Thyroid Nodules: The Endocrinologist's Viewpoint.

Background: Ultrasonography (US) plays a crucial role in the diagnostic management of thyroid nodules, but its widespread use in clinical practice might generate heterogeneity in ultrasound reports.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to propose (a) a standardized lexicon for description of thyroid nodules in order to reduce US reports of interobserver variability and (b) a US classification system of suspicion for thyroid nodules in order to promote a uniform management of thyroid nodules.

Methods: RELEVANT PUBLISHED ARTICLES WERE IDENTIFIED BY SEARCHING MEDLINE AT PUBMED COMBINING THE FOLLOWING SEARCH TERMS: ultrasonography, thyroid, nodule, malignancy, carcinoma, and classification system.

Long-term effectiveness of ultrasound-guided laser ablation of hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenomas: present and future perspectives.

Objective: Although surgery is the first-choice treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), some patients present with contraindications or refuse surgery. Data from alternative nonsurgical therapies are inconclusive. To study the long-term efficacy of laser ablation in the treatment of pHPT, we retrospectively reviewed six cases of laser-treated patients.

Potential role for retinoic acid in patients with Cushing's disease.

Context: Cushing's disease, i.e. cortisol excess due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma, is a rare disorder with considerable morbidity and mortality but no satisfactory medical treatment as yet.

Renal cell carcinoma and synchronous thyroid metastasis with neoplastic thrombosis of the internal jugular vein: report of a case.

A case of thyroid metastasis of a renal clear cell carcinoma is presented. The fine-needle aspiration cytology pointed out the primary tumor origin. The patient underwent robot-assisted radical nephrectomy and contextual thyroidectomy.

Pathological findings of thyroid nodules after percutaneous laser ablation : a series of 22 cases with cyto-histological correlation.

Ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous laser ablation (LA) of benign thyroid nodules may be a potential alternative to surgery in patients with compressive symptoms, at high surgical risk, or in patients who refuse to undergo surgery. We evaluated the morphological effects of LA procedure on 22 patients and compared the cytological findings before and after LA with the histological features on surgical specimens. Twenty-two (4.

Assessment of biochemical control of acromegaly during treatment with somatostatin analogues by oral glucose load and insulin-like growth factor I.

Background: The use of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in evaluating biochemical control in acromegalic patients on somatostatin analogues (SSA) has recently been questioned.

Aim: To gain further insights into this topic, we analyzed basal and nadir GH levels during OGTT in acromegalic patients on SSA.

Subjects And Methods: Basal IGF-I and GH values, as well as GH levels along the test, were analyzed in 115 standard OGTT performed in 33 acromegalic patients followed up between 1993 and 2009.

Thyroid nodules in acromegaly: The role of elastography.

Introduction: Ultrasound elastography (US-E) is a helpful tool for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. In acromegaly, multinodular goiter is a common occurrence while the prevalence of thyroid cancer is still matter of debate. Our aims were to evaluate thyroid nodules in acromegaly and to assess the accuracy of US-E in providing information on their nature (benign vs.

Cushing's disease due to double pituitary ACTH-secreting adenomas: the first case report.

Double pituitary adenomas are rare occurrences in autoptical, surgical and neuroradiological series and are mostly due to non-functioning pituitary adenomas, GH-secreting and prolactin-secreting adenomas. ACTH secreting tumours are more rare and, to our knowledge, two distinct ACTH-producing adenomas within the same pituitary have never been reported. We herewith describe a 56 year old woman with Cushing' s disease due to two clearly distinct ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas.

Elastosonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules in acromegaly.

Objective: Ultrasound-elastography (US-E) appears to be a helpful tool for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. In acromegaly, the prevalence of thyroid cancer is still debated. The aims of this study were to evaluate thyroid nodules in acromegaly and to establish the accuracy of US-E in providing information on their nature, using cytological analysis as a reference.

Differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism: imaging versus laboratory.

Differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome often presents major difficulties. Diagnostic troubles are increased by suboptimal specificity of endocrine tests, the rarity of ectopic ACTH secretion and the frequent incidental discovery of pituitary adenomas. A 43-year-old female reported with mild signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism, and initial hormonal tests and results of pituitary imaging (7-mm adenoma) were suggestive for Cushing's disease.

Significant GH deficiency after long-term cure by surgery in adult patients with Cushing's disease.

Objective: Impaired GH secretion usually accompanies Cushing's syndrome and a variable proportion of patients reportedly fail to recover normal GH secretion after successful treatment. This wide variability is most probably due to differences in the treatment (i.e.