Diversity, functional classification and genotyping of SHV β-lactamases in .

Interpreting the phenotypes of alleles in genomes is complex. Whilst all strains are expected to carry a chromosomal copy conferring resistance to ampicillin, they may also carry mutations in chromosomal alleles or additional plasmid-borne alleles that have extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) activity and/or β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) resistance activity. In addition, the role of individual mutations/a changes is not completely documented or understood.

Neonatal acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the community of a low-income country (NeoLIC): protocol for a household cohort study in Moramanga, Madagascar.

Introduction: Data regarding the acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) in neonates at the community level are scarce in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the burden of neonatal sepsis is high.Our study aims at identifying and quantifying the role of the different routes of ESBL-PE transmission for neonates, which are still undefined in the community in LMICs.

Methods And Analysis: In a semirural community in Madagascar, 60 mothers and their neonates will be recruited at delivery, during which a maternal stool sample and meconium of the newborn will be collected.

Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients suspected of pulmonary or bubonic plague during the Madagascar epidemic in 2017.

Klebsiella pneumoniae can lead to a wide range of diseases including pneumonia, bloodstream and urinary tract infections. During a short period of a pulmonary plague epidemic in October 2017 in Madagascar, 12 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified in ten sputum and two buboes aspirate samples.

carriage in low-income countries: antimicrobial resistance, genomic diversity and risk factors.

Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (hereafter, ) is a major public health threat responsible for high levels of multidrug resistant (MDR) human infections. Besides, Kp also causes severe infections in the community, especially in Asia and Africa. Although most Kp infections are caused by endogenous intestinal carriage, little is known about the prevalence and microbiological characteristics of Kp in asymptomatic human carriage, and attached risk factors including environmental sources exposure.

Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a mother-child cohort in Madagascar.

Objectives: To define characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from carriage and infections in mothers and their neonates belonging to a paediatric cohort in Madagascar.

Methods: A total of 2000 mothers and their 2001 neonates were included. For each mother, vaginal and stool samples were collected at the birth.

Description of Klebsiella africanensis sp. nov., Klebsiella variicola subsp. tropicalensis subsp. nov. and Klebsiella variicola subsp. variicola subsp. nov.

The bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae comprises several phylogenetic groups (Kp1 to Kp7), two of which (Kp5 and Kp7) have no taxonomic status. Here we show that group Kp5 is closely related to Klebsiella variicola (Kp3), with an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 96.4%, and that group Kp7 has an ANI of 94.

Phenotypic and molecular characterisations of carbapenem-resistant strains isolated in Madagascar.

Background: The present study aimed to perform a deep phenotypic and genotypic analysis of 15 clinical carbapenem-resistant (CRAb) strains isolated in Madagascar between 2008 and 2016 from diverse sources.

Methods: CRAb isolates collected from the Clinical Biology Centre of the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, from the neonatal unit of Antananarivo military hospital, and from intensive care units of Mahajanga Androva and Antananarivo Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (HJRA) hospitals were subjected to susceptibility testing. Whole-genome sequencing allowed us to assess the presence of antibiotic-resistance determinants, insertion sequences, integrons, genomic islands and potential virulence factors in all strains.

Identification of and Related Phylogroups by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry.

(phylogroup Kp1), one of the most problematic pathogens associated with antibiotic resistance worldwide, is phylogenetically closely related to [subsp. (Kp2) and subsp. (Kp4)], (Kp3) and two unnamed phylogroups (Kp5 and Kp6).

Melioidosis in the Western Indian Ocean and the Importance of Improving Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Molecular Typing.

Melioidosis, caused by the bacterium , is an infectious disease of humans or animals, and the specific environmental conditions that are present in western Indian Ocean islands are particularly suitable for the establishment/survival of . Indeed, an increasing number of new cases have been reported in this region (Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion (France), and Seychelles, except Comoros and Mayotte (France)), and are described in this review. Our review clearly points out that further studies are needed in order to investigate the real incidence and burden of melioidosis in the western Indian Ocean and especially Madagascar, since it is likely to be higher than currently reported.