Lateral orbital wall reconstruction after basal cell carcinoma penetration-Case report.

Advanced periorbital basal cell carcinomas may necessitate orbital exenteration and consequent vision loss, which significantly reduces patients' life quality. Orbital reconstruction is a demanding surgical procedure due to the complex orbital anatomy and vital structures located in the orbit. In this report, we presented an 83-year-old patient with advanced basal cell carcinoma that had expanded into the orbit.

Analysis of association of risk factors for age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate the significance of risk factors and analyze their interrelationship in developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Materials And Design: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted in eight ophthalmology centers in Europe. The STARS (Simplified Thea AMD Risk-Assessment Scale) questionnaire was used to assess 12 risk factors grouped in four major categories.

SURGICAL ASPECT OF BLEPHAROSPASM TREATMENT: A CASE REPORT.

Blepharospasm is an idiopathic condition characterized by involuntary eyelid closure mainly caused by bilateral tonic-clonic contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscle. It results in patient inability to open their eyes, thus significantly impairing their ability to perform activities of daily living. First-line treatment for blepharospasm are primarily botulinum toxin type A injections.

PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.

Periodontal disease is a chronic multifactorial disease the worldwide incidence of which is higher than the incidence of caries and represents one of the leading problems in dental medicine. It is manifested by the loss of the attachment apparatus of the tooth and leads to the loss of teeth. Numerous studies have shown the association of periodontal disease and various chronic systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Glaucoma Patients Treated with Multiple Intravitreal Anti-Vegf (Bevacizumab) Injections.

Over the past decade, intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents have been widely used and intensively developed as a treatment option for many ophthalmological indications. Due to its availability and low cost, the most frequently used anti-VEGF agent is bevacizumab. This type of therapy is often indicated in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME).