Massive circulating metastatic cells: A case of carcinocythemia.

Importance of careful differential diagnosis to make the distinction between carcinocythemia and acute leukemia or lymphoma.

Substantial light woodland and open vegetation characterized the temperate forest biome before .

The extent of vegetation openness in past European landscapes is widely debated. In particular, the temperate forest biome has traditionally been defined as dense, closed-canopy forest; however, some argue that large herbivores maintained greater openness or even wood-pasture conditions. Here, we address this question for the Last Interglacial period (129,000-116,000 years ago), before -linked megafauna declines and anthropogenic landscape transformation.

Perls' Stain Guidelines from the French-Speaking Cellular Hematology Group (GFHC).

In order to standardize cellular hematology practices, the French-speaking Cellular Hematology Group (Groupe Francophone d'Hématologie Cellulaire, GFHC) focused on Perls' stain. A national survey was carried out, leading to the proposal of recommendations on insoluble iron detection and quantification in bone marrow. The criteria presented here met with a "strong professional agreement" and follow the suggestions of the World Health Organization's classification of hematological malignancies.

Iron deficiency screening is a key issue in chronic inflammatory diseases: A call to action.

Iron deficiency is frequent in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cancers, and bowel inflammatory diseases).

Towards a Common Definition for the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases.

Iron deficiency (ID) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases is frequent. However, under-diagnosis is also frequent due to the heterogeneity between guidelines from different medical societies. We applied a common definition for the diagnosis of ID to a large panel of patients with cancer, heart failure (HF), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), where ID was defined as serum ferritin concentration <100 μg/L and/or a transferrin saturation (TSAT) index <20%.

Feasibility of an inhaled antibiotic/adjuvant dry powder combination using an experimental design approach.

The global increase of multidrug resistant bacteria and the lack of new classes of antibiotic especially those targeting Gram-negative pathogens are leaving the clinicians disarmed to treat numerous bacterial infections. Recently, the design of adjuvants able to enhance antibiotics activities appears to be one of the most promising investigated solutions to circumvent this problem. In this context, we have recently identified a new polyamino-isoprenyl derivative NV716 able to potentiate, at a very low concentration the activity of doxycycline against resistant P.

Scope and limitations on aerosol drug delivery for the treatment of infectious respiratory diseases.

The rise of antimicrobial resistance has created an urgent need for the development of new methods for antibiotics delivery to patients with pulmonary infections in order to mainly increase the effectiveness of the drugs administration, to minimize the risk of emergence of resistant strains, and to prevent patients reinfection. Since bacterial resistance is often related to antibiotic concentration, their pulmonary administration could eradicate strains resistant to the same drug at the concentration achieved through the systemic circulation. Pulmonary administration offers several advantages; it directly targets the site of the infection which allows the inhaled dose of the drug to be reduced compared to that administered orally or parenterally while keeping the same local effect.

Characterization of a new aerosol antibiotic/adjuvant combination for the treatment of P. aeruginosa lung infections.

The lack of novel classes of antibiotics as well as the constant increase of multidrug resistant bacteria are leaving the clinicians disarmed to treat bacterial infections, especially those caused by Gram-negative pathogens. Among all the investigated solutions, the design of adjuvants able to enhance antibiotics activities appears to be one of the most promising. In this context, a polyamino-isoprenyl derivative has been recently identified to be able to potentiate, at a very low concentration the activity of doxycycline against P.

Antibiotic Adjuvants: Make Antibiotics Great Again!

Multiple approaches have been developed to combat bacterial resistance. However, the combination of antibiotic resistance mechanisms by bacteria and the limited number of effective antibiotics available decreases the effective interventions for the treatment of current bacterial infections. This review covers the many ways that bacteria resist antibiotics including antibiotic target modification, the use of efflux pumps, and antibiotic inactivation.

Illicit massive silicone injections always induce chronic and definitive silicone blood diffusion with dermatologic complications.

Male-to-female transgender (MtF TG) individuals often report using illegal subcutaneous silicone injections for body feminisation. It leads to silicone dissemination and various dermatologic complications.We report the long-term complications of these feminisation procedures with blood smear examination and dermatologic examination.

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems for Antibiotherapy-A Review.

The last fifty years, ophthalmic drug delivery research has made much progress, challenging scientists about the advantages and limitations of this drug delivery approach. Topical eye drops are the most commonly used formulation in ocular drug delivery. Despite the good tolerance for patients, this topical administration is only focus on the anterior ocular diseases and had a high precorneal loss of drugs due to the tears production and ocular barriers.

Characterization of different vitamin E carriers intended for pulmonary drug delivery.

The targeted release of drugs intended for pulmonary delivery is a research field which has been so far rather unexploited but is currently becoming increasingly attractive. Liquid dispersions encapsulating vitamin E (liposomes, micelles, nano-emulsion, and solid lipid particles) were prepared using various methods based on membrane contactor. The dispersions were nebulized and aerodynamic characteristics of the generated aerosols were assessed using two different methods: laser light scattering and cascade impaction.

Self-assembled liquid crystalline nanoparticles as an ophthalmic drug delivery system. Part II: optimization of formulation variables using experimental design.

In the field of keratoconus treatment, a lipid-based liquid crystal nanoparticles system has been developed to improve the preocular retention and ocular bioavailability of riboflavin, a water-soluble drug. The formulation of this ophthalmic drug delivery system was optimized by a simplex lattice experimental design. The delivery system is composed of three main components that are mono acyl glycerol (monoolein), poloxamer 407 and water and two secondary components that are riboflavin and glycerol (added to adjust the osmotic pressure).

[Inhalation therapy: inhaled generics, inhaled antidotes, the future of anti-infectives and the indications of inhaled pentamidine. GAT aerosolstorming, Paris 2012].

The working group on aerosol therapy (GAT) of the Société de pneumologie de langue française (SPLF) organized its third "Aerosolstorming" in 2012. During the course of one day, different aspects of inhaled therapy were discussed, and these will be treated separately in two articles, this one being the first. Inhaled products represent a large volume of prescriptions both in the community and in hospital settings and they involve various specialties particularly ENT and respiratory care.

Self-assembled liquid crystalline nanoparticles as an ophthalmic drug delivery system. Part I: influence of process parameters on their preparation studied by experimental design.

To develop self-assembled liquid crystalline nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for keratoconus treatment, a formulation containing riboflavin a water-soluble drug, two surfactants (poloxamer 407 and mono acyl glycerol - monoolein-) and water was optimized and prepared by emulsification and a homogenization process. A fractional factorial design was applied to estimate the main effects and interaction effects of five parameters on two responses, namely particle size and encapsulation efficiency. The five parameters are the temperature of the two phases, the duration of emulsification, the presence of heating during homogenization, the number of passes and pressure.

Recent advances in ocular drug delivery.

Amongst the various routes of drug delivery, the field of ocular drug delivery is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavors facing the pharmaceutical scientist. Recent research has focused on the characteristic advantages and limitations of the various drug delivery systems, and further research will be required before the ideal system can be developed. Administration of drugs to the ocular region with conventional delivery systems leads to short contact time of the formulations on the epithelium and fast elimination of drugs.

Comparative in vitro performance of three small-volume valved holding chambers with beclomethasone/formoterol pressurized metered dose inhaler.

Background: The use of valved holding chambers (VHCs) with pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) is reported to reduce the oral deposition of inhaled drugs and to facilitate the handling of these devices by patients, especially children. Although the number of commercially available VHCs is increasing, the correct choice of VHC in clinical practice is important, because VHCs are not equally effective regarding medication delivery. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the use of three small-volume VHCs-Vortex(®), AeroChamber(®) Plus (ACP), and Able Spacer™ (AS)-along with a commercial pMDI containing a combination of beclomethasone and formoterol (Innovair(®)) frequently used by asthma patients.

Antibacterial efficacy of inhaled squalamine in a rat model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.

Objectives: Squalamine is a steroid extracted from sharks with proven in vitro antibacterial activity. We assessed its efficacy in reducing the lung bacterial load and histological lesions when given via inhalation in a rat model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated by tracheal intubation with 150 μL of a solution containing 10(8) cfu/mL of agar bead-embedded P.