Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Pulmonary Embolism: Importance of Anatomical Extent.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) studies used direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with or without initial heparin. We aimed to (1) evaluate if PE patients benefit from initial heparin; (2) describe patient characteristics in the DOAC studies; and (3) investigate whether the anatomical extent of PE correlates with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, cause of PE, and recurrence rate. Our methods were (1) an indirect meta-analysis comparing the recurrence risk in DOAC-treated patients with or without initial heparin to those patients given heparin/vitamin K antagonist (VKA).

Impact of age, comorbidity, and polypharmacy on the efficacy and safety of edoxaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism: An analysis of the randomized, double-blind Hokusai-VTE trial.

Background: Many patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are elderly, have multiple comorbidities and take several concomitant medications. Physicians may prefer warfarin over direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in such patients because comparative data are lacking. This analysis was designed to determine the effects of advanced age, comorbidities, and polypharmacy on the efficacy and safety of edoxaban and warfarin in patients with VTE.

Outpatient Management in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism with Edoxaban: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Hokusai-VTE Study.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) facilitate the outpatient treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the pivotal trials of DOACs have not reported outcomes separately for patients managed either as outpatients or in the hospital. We performed a subgroup analysis of the Hokusai-VTE study comparing efficacy and safety of edoxaban with warfarin in 8,292 patients with acute VTE.

Bridging the Millennial Generation Expectation Gap: Perspectives and Strategies for Physician and Interprofessional Faculty.

Assigning attributes to a birth cohort is one way we identify society-wide, shared life experiences within a group collectively called a "generation." Such assigned attributes influence society's adoption of generation-based expectations held by and about people from a particular birth cohort. Census data and generational attributes inform perspectives on millennial generation birth cohort experiences and engagement as students.

Hyaluronan synthase control of synthesis rate and hyaluronan product size are independent functions differentially affected by mutations in a conserved tandem B-X7-B motif.

Hyaluronan synthases (HAS) normally make large (>MDa) hyaluronan (HA) products. Smaller HA fragments (e.g.

Hyaluronan synthase mediates dye translocation across liposomal membranes.

Background: Hyaluronan (HA) is made at the plasma membrane and secreted into the extracellular medium or matrix by phospolipid-dependent hyaluronan synthase (HAS), which is active as a monomer. Since the mechanism by which HA is translocated across membranes is still unresolved, we assessed the presence of an intraprotein pore within HAS by adding purified Streptococcus equisimilis HAS (SeHAS) to liposomes preloaded with the fluorophore Cascade Blue (CB).

Results: CB translocation (efflux) was not observed with mock-purified material from empty vector control E.

Clustered Conserved Cysteines in Hyaluronan Synthase Mediate Cooperative Activation by Mg Ions and Severe Inhibitory Effects of Divalent Cations.

Hyaluronan synthase (HAS) uses UDP-GlcUA and UDP-GlcNAc to make hyaluronan (HA). HAS (SeHAS) contains four conserved cysteines clustered near the membrane, and requires phospholipids and Mg for activity. Activity of membrane-bound or purified enzyme displayed a sigmoidal saturation profile for Mg with a Hill coefficient of 2.