Study protocol for a hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation trial of a team-based implementation strategy to support educators' use of a social engagement intervention.

Background: Remaking Recess (RR) is a school-based evidence-based peer social engagement intervention for autistic students. RR involves direct training and coaching with educators; however, educators face several barriers to implementation at both the individual- and organizational-levels. This protocol paper describes a multi-site study that will test whether an educator-level implementation strategy, coaching, with or without a school-level implementation strategy, school-based teams, will maximize educators' use (fidelity and sustainment) of RR for autistic students and their peers who are socially-isolated, rejected, or peripheral and may need additional support during recess.

The Centering of Youth Voice in the Development of a Virtual, Instructor-Led Physical Activity Program.

Background: Providing youth the opportunity to express their attitudes toward and recommendations for improvement of a home-based physical activity (PA) program may help to improve engagement in virtual PA program activities. Youth voice is an often-overlooked component that may be necessary for understanding what contributes to low participation and may have important implications for long-term adherence.

Purpose: Informed by Self-Determination Theory, this study aimed to formatively evaluate home-based exercise videos, incorporating youth feedback for improvement in the development of the videos.

Applying the FRAME for Systematic Adaptation of a State Health Curriculum to Enhance Physical Activity and Family Engagement.

Background: A systematic adaptation of an evidence-based state health curriculum (Michigan Model for Health™, MMH) was created to enhance physical activity and family engagement materials but retain the core functional elements of the curriculum.

Methods: The Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced (FRAME) was used to document the adaptation, which used materials from an evidence-informed physical activity program (Interrupting Prolonged sitting with ACTivity, InPACT). Acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and perceived value of the adaptation were assessed by key stakeholders, regional school health coordinators (HCs).

Building on Strong Foundations: Deploying Enhanced Replicating Effective Programs for evidence-based prevention curriculum adaptation.

Schools frequently adopt new interventions for each new public health issue, but this is both time- and resource-intensive. Adversity exposure is an example of a pervasive public health issue that emerged during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with notable consequences, including an elevated risk of developing substance use disorders and mental illnesses. Adapting existing, universal, evidence-based interventions, such as the Michigan Model for HealthTM (MMH), by incorporating trauma-sensitive content is a promising approach to meet this need.

A mixed methods partner-focused cost and budget impact analysis to deploy implementation strategies for school-based prevention.

Background: Obtaining information on implementation strategy costs and local budget impacts from multiple perspectives is essential to data-driven decision-making about resource allocation for successful evidence-based intervention delivery. This mixed methods study determines the costs and priorities of deploying Enhanced Replicating Effective Programs (REP) to implement the Michigan Model for Health™, a universal school-based prevention intervention, from key shareholder perspectives.

Methods: Our study included teachers in 8 high schools across 3 Michigan counties as part of a pilot cluster randomized trial.

Use of a Novel Theory-Based Pragmatic Tool to Evaluate the Quality of Instructor-Led Exercise Videos to Promote Youth Physical Activity at Home: Preliminary Findings.

Background: Exercise videos that work to minimize cognitive load (the amount of information that working memory can hold at one time) are hypothesized to be more engaging, leading to increased PA participation.

Purpose: To use a theory-based pragmatic tool to evaluate the cognitive load of instructor-led exercise videos associated with the Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with ACTivity (InPACT) program.

Methods: Exercise videos were created by physical education teachers and fitness professionals.

Nonpartner Violence Perpetration Among Emerging Adults: Associations With Polysubstance Use and Trait Mindfulness.

Objective: Violence is a leading cause of death among individuals ages 18-25, with alcohol misuse consistently linked with violence perpetration. However, the association between polysubstance use and violence perpetration is less clear, despite the frequency of use of alcohol with other drugs. Additionally, protective factors such as mindfulness that may reduce violence perpetration among emerging adults have been understudied.

A mixed methods investigation of implementation determinants for a school-based universal prevention intervention.

Background: Effective implementation of evidence-based prevention interventions in schools is vital to reducing the burden of drug use and its consequences. Universal prevention interventions often fail to achieve desired public health outcomes due to poor implementation. One central reason for suboptimal implementation is the limited fit between the intervention and the setting.

Aligning Organizational Priorities and System Policies to Support Implementation Scale-Up of a Tailored Classroom-Based Physical Activity Intervention in Low-Resource Schools.

Background: A mismatch between organizational priorities and system-level policies can negatively impact implementation and sustainment of classroom-based physical activity (PA) interventions. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) present methods to systematically identify organization- and system-level implementation barriers, and (2) align organizational priorities and system policies by designing multi-level implementation strategies. This alignment will support implementation scale-up of a tailored PA intervention in one low-resource intermediate school district (ISD; 16 districts, 32 schools) in central Michigan.

A Novel Policy Alignment and Enhancement Process to Improve Sustainment of School-Based Physical Activity Programming.

The purpose of the current study was twofold: (1) to evaluate the strength and comprehensiveness of district wellness policies in one central Michigan intermediate school district (ISD; 16 districts), and (2) to pilot a novel policy alignment and enhancement process in one district within the ISD to improve sustainment of district-wide physical activity (PA) programming. Policy evaluation and alignment were determined using WellSAT 3.0.

Rapid cycle adaptation of a classroom-based intervention to promote equity in access to youth physical activity.

Our objective was to systematically adapt Interrupting Prolonged sitting with ACTivity (InPACT), a classroom-based physical activity intervention, for home delivery to equitably increase access to structured youth physical activity opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key steps in the rapid-cycle research adaptation process included: (Step 1) identifying partner organizations; (Steps 2 and 3) engaging in problem and knowledge exploration to examine the problem from different perspectives; (Steps 4 and 5) initiating solution development and testing by selecting an intervention and adapting the format and content for home delivery. Using Rapid RE-AIM to guide online assessment and refinement of InPACT at Home; and (Step 6) utilizing dissemination strategies to extend the reach of the program.

Advancing rapid adaptation for urgent public health crises: Using implementation science to facilitate effective and efficient responses.

Responding rapidly to emerging public health crises is vital to reducing their escalation, spread, and impact on population health. These responses, however, are challenging and disparate processes for researchers and practitioners. Researchers often develop new interventions that take significant time and resources, with little exportability.

Michigan Model for Health Learning to Enhance and Adapt for Prevention (Mi-LEAP): protocol of a pilot randomized trial comparing Enhanced Replicating Effective Programs versus standard implementation to deliver an evidence-based drug use prevention curriculum.

Background: School-based drug use prevention programs have demonstrated notable potential to reduce the onset and escalation of drug use, including among youth at risk of poor outcomes such as those exposed to trauma. Researchers have found a robust relationship between intervention fidelity and participant (i.e.

Classroom-Based Strategies to Reduce Disparities in Physical Activity Among Children with Asthma.

Children with asthma often experience physical activity (PA) induced symptoms 5-15 min following the start of exercise. Classroom PA breaks provide short intermittent bouts of PA and may represent a novel strategy to safely promote PA participation in this clinical population. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a classroom-based PA intervention, Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Activity (InPACT), where teachers implement 5 × 4-min moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) breaks throughout the school day.

Longitudinal effects of Youth Empowerment Solutions: Preventing youth aggression and increasing prosocial behavior.

Youth violence remains a significant public health problem despite efforts to address it. We describe the evaluation results of Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES), an after-school active learning program implemented by trained local teachers and designed to engage middle school youth in multi-systematic promotive behaviors at the individual-, interpersonal-, and community-level to make lasting positive changes within the context of institutional disadvantages, such as racism. First, we used a modified randomized controlled trial design to examine the direct and indirect influence of YES on prosocial and delinquent behaviors 12 months after the conclusion of the program, through youth empowerment.

Understanding key implementation determinants for a school-based universal prevention intervention: a qualitative study.

This study examined how teachers discuss various factors as impacting their ability to execute with fidelity the Michigan Model for Health (MMH), an evidence-based health universal prevention curriculum widely adopted throughout Michigan. Researchers have found a robust relationship between fidelity and participant outcomes, including in schools. While previous studies have identified barriers that inhibit fidelity, few have focused on identifying key barriers and deepening our understanding of how these factors influence intervention fidelity.

Implementation of a youth violence prevention programme in primary care.

Background And Objectives: Youth violence is an alarming public health problem, yet, violence screening and interventions are not systematically offered in primary care (PC). This paper describes data from a pilot effectiveness-implementation trial of an efficacious youth violence prevention programme (SafERteens).

Methods: The study was conducted in two PC clinics: a university-affiliated satellite clinic and a community health centre.

Translating Violence Prevention Programs from Research to Practice: SafERteens Implementation in an Urban Emergency Department.

Background: Youth violence is a leading cause of adolescent mortality, underscoring the need to integrate evidence-based violence prevention programs into routine emergency department (ED) care.

Objectives: To examine the translation of the SafERteens program into clinical care.

Methods: Hospital staff provided input on implementation facilitators/barriers to inform toolkit development.

Implementation science issues in understanding, collecting, and using cost estimates: a multi-stakeholder perspective.

Understanding the resources needed to achieve desired implementation and effectiveness outcomes is essential to implementing and sustaining evidence-based practices (EBPs). Despite this frequent observation, cost and economic measurement and reporting are rare, but becoming more frequent in implementation science, and when present is seldom reported from the perspective of multiple stakeholders (e.g.

Adapting the InPACT Intervention to Enhance Implementation Fidelity and Flexibility.

Adapting classroom-based physical activity interventions are critical for program feasibility and fidelity in low-resource elementary schools. The purpose of this pilot study was to use Replicating Effective Programs (REP) framework to tailor the Interrupting Prolonged sitting with ACTivity (InPACT) intervention and evaluate its effectiveness on program fidelity in classrooms within a low-resource school. REP was applied to adapt program packaging, teacher training, and technical assistance to disseminate Tailored InPACT, a 20-week intervention where teachers implemented 5 × 4-min activity breaks per day.

Latent class trajectories: U.S. adolescents' nicotine use and its association with nicotine dependence.

Introduction: Twenty-seven percent of adolescents used a nicotine/tobacco product in 2018. Our study analyzed three waves from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study and examined adolescent nicotine/tobacco use trajectories over time to determine which latent classes were associated with symptoms of nicotine dependence.

Methods: The PATH Study used a four-stage, stratified area probability sample and annual household interviews with adolescents (12-17 years).

Cost-effectiveness of the Adaptive Implementation of Effective Programs Trial (ADEPT): approaches to adopting implementation strategies.

Background: Theory-based methods to support the uptake of evidence-based practices (EBPs) are critical to improving mental health outcomes. Implementation strategy costs can be substantial, and few have been rigorously evaluated. The purpose of this study is to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis to identify the most cost-effective approach to deploying implementation strategies to enhance the uptake of Life Goals, a mental health EBP.

The Protective Effects of Social Support on Hypertension Among African American Adolescents Exposed to Violence.

African Americans develop hypertension earlier in life than Whites and the racial/ethnic disparities in blood pressure level can appear as early as adolescence. Violence victimization, a prevalent environmental stressor among inner-city youth, may play a role in such disparities. In a sample of inner-city youth in the United States, the current study examines the relationship between violence victimization and hypertension while investigating the role of social support in moderating that relationship.

Why Are National Estimates So Different? A Comparison of Youth E-Cigarette Use and Cigarette Smoking in the MTF and PATH Surveys.

Objective: We compared estimates of adolescents' nicotine product use and perceptions of harm from two national surveys: Monitoring the Future (MTF) and Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH). We explored one explanation for the different estimates for nicotine product use and adolescents' perceptions of harm.

Method: We used data source triangulation examining 30-day e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking, beliefs about harm, and friends' use of these products in two samples of adolescents from the 2015-2016 MTF and PATH samples.