Flow analysis with chemiluminescence detection: Recent advances and applications.

This article highlights the most important developments in flow analysis with chemiluminescence (CL) detection, describing different flow systems that are compatible with CL detection, detector designs, commonly applied CL reactions and approaches to sample treatment. Recent applications of flow analysis with CL detection (focusing on outputs published since 2010) are also presented. Applications are classified by sample matrix, covering foods and beverages, environmental matrices, pharmaceuticals and biological fluids.

A gas-diffusion flow injection method coupled with online solid-liquid extraction for the determination of ammonium in solid samples.

A simple, rapid and reliable gas-diffusion flow injection (GD-FI) method for ammonium determination in building materials has been developed. It is based on leaching ammonium from a ground solid sample into an alkaline solution with subsequent ammonia gas generation. Ammonia is then transported in a nitrogen stream to the GD cell of the FI system where it is absorbed into its acceptor solution containing a mixture of the acid-base indicators cresol red and thymol blue.

Fully automated spectrophotometric procedure for simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium in biodiesel.

An easily performed stepwise injection (SWIA) procedure based on on-line dilution of biodiesel samples and the formation of color-forming calcium (II) and magnesium (II) complexes with Eriochrome Black T (EBT) in an organic medium followed by spectrophotometric determination is presented. A sample of biodiesel was placed at the bottom of a mixing chamber connected to an automatic SWIA manifold. Isopropyl alcohol was used as the diluent under bubbling.

Multicommutated stepwise injection determination of ascorbic acid in medicinal plants and food samples by capillary zone electrophoresis ultraviolet detection.

An automation of the extraction of analytes from solid samples into the aqueous phase based on multicommutated stepwise injection analysis concept has been suggested. The feasibility of the approach has been demonstrated by determination of ascorbic acid as model analyte. The method includes automated extraction of ascorbic acid from solid sample into borate buffer solution pH 8 in mixing chamber during vigorous mixing by nitrogen stream, and subsequent detection by capillary zone electrophoresis at 254 nm.

Stepwise injection spectrophotometric determination of epinephrine.

Simple, rapid and fully automated methods for the manual and automated spectrophotometric determination of epinephrine have been developed by using schemes of stepwise injection (SWIA) and sequential injection analysis (SIA) implemented in the same manifold. The determination is based on the formation of reduced form of 18-molybdodiphosphate heteropoly anion by its reaction with epinephrine. Using of the reaction vessel in the general SWIA configuration instead of a holding and reaction coil in the SIA manifold provides several essential advantages, including higher sensitivity and lower reagent consumption.