Complete sequence of the duckweed (Lemna minor) chloroplast genome: structural organization and phylogenetic relationships to other angiosperms.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the duckweed (Lemna minor) chloroplast genome (cpDNA) was determined. The cpDNA is a circular molecule of 165,955 bp containing a pair of 31,223-bp inverted repeat regions (IRs), which are separated by small and large single-copy regions of 89,906 and 13,603 bp, respectively. The entire gene pool and relative positions of 112 genes (78 protein-encoding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes) are almost identical to those of Amborella trichopoda cpDNA; the minor difference is the absence of infA and ycf15 genes in the duckweed cpDNA.