Raman Spectroscopy Can Distinguish Glyphosate-Susceptible and -Resistant Palmer Amaranth ().

The non-judicious use of herbicides has led to a widespread evolution of herbicide resistance in various weed species including Palmer amaranth, one of the most aggressive and troublesome weeds in the United States. Early detection of herbicide resistance in weed populations may help growers devise alternative management strategies before resistance spreads throughout the field. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was utilized as a rapid, non-destructive diagnostic tool to distinguish between three different glyphosate-resistant and four -susceptible Palmer amaranth populations.

Cyanide Single-Molecule Magnets Exhibiting Solvent Dependent Reversible "On" and "Off" Exchange Bias Behavior.

The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of four new complex salts, (PPN){[Mn(III)(salphen)(MeOH)]2[M(III)(CN)6]}·7MeOH (Mn2M·7MeOH) (M = Fe, Ru, Os and Co; PPN(+) = bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium cation; H2salphen = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-diaminobenzene), and a mixed metal Co/Os analogue (PPN){[Mn(III)(salphen)(MeOH)]2[Co(III)0.92Os(III)0.08(CN)6]}·7MeOH were undertaken.

Shape-controlled synthesis of nanopyramids and nanoprisms of nickel sulfide (Ni3S4).

Two different nickel precursors (NiCl2 or Ni(CH3COCH2COCH3)2) in the presence of 1-dodecanethiol and a mixture of oleylamine and oleic acid were used for a one-pot colloidal synthesis to produce high purity Ni3S4 nanoparticles with controlled shapes in high yields and narrow size distributions. By simply changing the nickel precursors, the shape of Ni3S4 nanocrystals can be readily tuned from triangular nanoprisms to tetrahedra (nanopyramids). The produced nanocrystals were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).

Magnetic coupling between metal spins through the 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) dianion.

A family of magnetic metal-organic frameworks, (Ph3PMe)2[M2(TCNQ)3] {M=Fe(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+) and Zn(2+)} have been prepared and structurally characterized. The honeycomb-like "layers" consist of M(II) ions doubly bridged with dinitrilomethane moieties of two 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) dianions which are further connected through phenyl rings to form a 3D dianionic framework [M2TCNQ3](2-) with Ph3PMe(+) cations filling cavities that run along the c axis. Studies of the magnetic coupling through the TCNQ dianion in these structures revealed that it can promote long-range magnetic ordering despite the long coupling pathway.

Variations in topology and magnetic properties of hepta- and octacyanometallates of molybdenum with manganese(II).

Treatment of [Mn(dpop)(H2O)2]Cl2 (dpop = 2,13-dimethyl-3,6,9,12,18-pentaazabicyclo-[12.3.1]octadeca-1(18),2,12,14,16-pentaene) with K4[Mo(CN)7]·2H2O under varied synthetic conditions afforded four different compounds: {[Mn(dpop)]4[(dpop)Mn(H2O)]2[Mo(III)(CN)7]3·27H2O}n (1), {[(dpop)Mn(H2O)][Mo(III)(CN)7][Mn(dpop)]3[Mo(IV)(CN)8]·29H2O}n (2), {[(dpop)Mn(H2O)]2[Mo(IV)(CN)8]2[Mn(dpop)]4[Mo(III)(CN)7]·12H2O}n (3), and [(dpop)Mn(H2O)]2[Mo(IV)(CN)8]·9H2O (4).

Squaring the cube: a family of octametallic lanthanide complexes including a Dy8 single-molecule magnet.

A series of isostructural octanuclear lanthanide complexes of general formula [Ln8(sao)4(μ3-OH)4(NO3)12(DMF)12] (Ln = Nd (), Sm (), Eu (), Gd (), Tb (), Dy (), Ho (), Er (); DMF = dimethylformamide) have been prepared via reactions of salicylaldoxime (saoH2), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (Me4NOH) with the appropriate lanthanide nitrate salt (Ln(NO3)3·6H2O). The metallic skeletons of the complexes describe [Ln4] tetrahedra encapsulated inside a [Ln4] square with the inner core stabilised through μ3-OH(-) ions and the periphery by μ4-sao(2-) ligands. The magnetic properties of compounds were investigated by dc and ac magnetometry.

Dinuclear and heptanuclear complexes of copper(II) with 7-azaindole ligand: synthesis, characterization, magnetic properties, and biological activity.

Three new complexes of Cu(II) with 7-azaindole have been synthesized and characterized, a dicopper compound, [Cu(C7H5N2)2(H2O)]2·2CH3CN, 1, and two heptacopper compounds [Cu7(C7H5N2)6(μ3-OH)6(μ2-H2O)2(μ2-CH3OH)4](CH3COO)2·2C7H8·6CH3OH, 2, and [Cu7(C7H5N2)5(CH3COO)(μ3-OH)6(μ2-H2O)4(μ2-CH3OH)2](CH3COO)2, 4. The structure of 2 is monoclinic and it crystallizes in the P21/c space group: a=13.475(4)Å; b=12.

Reversible switching from antiferro- to ferromagnetic behavior by solvent-mediated, thermally-induced phase transitions in a trimorphic MOF-based magnetic sponge system.

Hydrothermal reactions of copper(II) acetate, tetrazolate-5-carboxylate (tzc), and the neutral N-donor spacer ligand 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane (dpp) lead in a single reaction vial to the simultaneous formation of three different single-crystalline solvates [Cu(tzc)(dpp)]n·0.5C6H14·0.5H2O (1), [Cu(tzc)(dpp)]n·4.

An unprecedented Fe(36) phosphonate cage.

The reaction of 2-pyridylphosphonic acid (LH(2)) with iron(II) perchlorate and iron(III) nitrate afforded an interconnected, double-layered, cationic iron cage, [{Fe(36)L(44)(H(2)O)(48)}](20+) (1a), the largest interconnected, polynuclear ferric cage reported to date. Magnetic studies on 1a revealed antiferromagnetic coupling between the spins on adjacent Fe(III) ions.

Hydro-ionothermal syntheses, crystal structures, and properties of five new divalent metal iminophosphonates.

The use of a moderately hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BdMIM][BF(4)]), as a cosolvent with water, has been investigated in the synthesis of metal phosphonates. This hydro-ionothermal synthesis has been carried out through a systematic combinatorial investigation of several divalent metal chlorides and two related ligands, iminobis(methylphosphonic acid) and N-methyliminiobis(methylphosphonic acid). These reactions resulted in five new divalent metal phosphonates.

Syntheses, structural characterization and properties of transition metal complexes of 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1H-tetrazole) (H(2)bdt), 5',5''-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diylbis(1H-tetrazole) (H(2)dbdt) and 5,5',5''-(1,3,5-phenylene)tris(1H-tetrazole) (H(3)btt).

The hydrothermal chemistry of a variety of M(II)SO(4) salts with the tetrazole (Ht) ligands 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1H-tetrazole) (H(2)bdt), 5',5''-(1,1'-biphenyl)4,4'-diylbis(1H-tetrazole) (H(2)dbdt) and 5,5',5''-(1,3,5-phenylene)tris(1H-tetrazole) (H(3)btt) was investigated. In the case of Co(II), three phases were isolated, two of which incorporated sulfate: [Co(5)F(2)(dbdt)(4)(H(2)O)(6)]·2H(2)O (1·2H(2)O), [Co(4)(OH)(2)(SO(4))(bdt)(2)(H(2)O)(4)] (2) and [Co(3)(OH)(SO(4))(btt)(H(2)O)(4)]·3H(2)O (3·3H(2)O). The structures are three-dimensional and consist of cluster-based secondary building units: the pentanuclear {Co(5)F(2)(tetrazolate)(8)(H(2)O)(6)}, the tetranuclear {Co(4)(OH)(2)(SO(4))(2)(tetrazolate)(6)}(4-), and the trinuclear {Co(3)(μ(3)-OH)(SO(4))(2) (tetrazolate)(3)}(2-) for 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Light-induced excited spin state trapping and charge transfer in trigonal bipyramidal cyanide-bridged complexes.

Three members of the family of trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) complexes of general formula [M(tmphen)(2)](3)[M'(CN)(6)](2) (tmphen = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) or [M(3)M'(2)], which are known to exhibit thermally induced spin crossover and charge transfer, have been investigated for optical and photomagnetic properties. The light-induced excited spin-state trapping (LIESST) effect found in classical spin crossover compounds, such as [Fe(phen)(2)(NCS)(2)], was explored for the [Fe(3)Fe(2)] and [Fe(3)Co(2)] compounds. Similarly, inspired by the light-induced charge-transfer properties of K(0.

Temperature and light induced bistability in a Co3[Os(CN)6]2 6 H2O Prussian blue analog.

To expand the field of new cyanide materials of the 5d elements, we incorporated the [Os(CN)(6)](3-) anion into PB architectures in combination with the Co(II) cation. Herein, we report the first example of a photomagnetic PB analog containing Os(III) ions. In a similar vein as the prototypical CoFe PB analogs, this compound exhibits a wide variety of properties including Charge Transfer Induced Spin Transition (CTIST), Temperature Induced Excited Spin State Trapping (TIESST), and magnetic ordering.

Water-free rare earth-Prussian blue type analogues: synthesis, structure, computational analysis, and magnetic data of {Ln(III)(DMF)(6)Fe(III)(CN)(6)}(infinity) (Ln = rare earths excluding Pm).

Water-free rare earth(III) hexacyanoferrate(III) complexes, {Ln(DMF)(6)(mu-CN)(2)Fe(CN)(4)}(infinity) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide; Ln = Sm, 1; Eu, 2; Gd, 3; Tb, 4; Dy, 5; Ho, 6; Er, 7; Tm, 8; Yb, 9; Lu, 10; Y, 11; La, 12; Ce, 13; Pr, 14; Nd, 15), were synthesized in dry DMF through the metathesis reactions of [(18-crown-6)K](3)Fe(CN)(6) with LnX(3)(DMF)(n) (X = Cl or NO(3)). Anhydrous DMF solutions of LnX(3)(DMF)(n) were prepared at room temperature from LnCl(3) or LnX(3).nH(2)O under a dynamic vacuum.

Trigonal bipyramidal magnetic molecules based on [Mo(III)(CN)(6)](3-).

The trigonal bipyramidal molecules [M(tmphen)(2)](3)[Mo(CN)(6)](2).(solvent) (M = Co, Ni; tmphen = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) based on the [Mo(III)(CN)(6)](3-) unit were prepared by loss of a cyanide ligand from [Mo(III)(CN)(7)](4-) and found to exhibit ferromagnetic interactions between the M(II) and Mo(III) centers.

Use of a rhenium cyanide nanomagnet as a building block for new clusters and extended networks.

Derivatives of the single molecule magnet (SMM) {[Re(triphos)(CN)(3)](4)[MnCl](4)} (Re(4)Mn(4)) {[Re(triphos)(CN)(3)](4)[Mn(CH(3)CN)](4)}(ClO(4))(4) (2) and {[Re(triphos)(CN)(3)](4)[Mn(ClO(4))](3)[Mn(CH(3)OH)(CH(3)O)]} (3), were prepared by reacting [Et(4)N][Re(triphos)(CN)(3)] (1) with Mn(ClO(4))(2)·6H(2)O. Reaction of sodium dicyanamide, NaN(CN)(2), with compound 2 in CH(2)Cl(2) results in the product {[Re(triphos)(CN)(3)](4)[Mn(N(CN)(2))](4)} (4), in which each Mn(II) site is terminated by a dicyanamide ligand. A similar reaction of compound 3 in CH(2)Cl(2)-MeOH solution with LiTCNQ (TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) leads to the formation of {[Re(triphos)(CN)(3)](4)[Mn(TCNQ-TCNQ)(3)(Mn(HTCNQ)(CH(3)O))]} (5) whose structure is best described as a chain of dimers of Re(4)Mn(4) cubes bridged by sigma-bonded (TCNQ(2))(2-) linkers with one capping HTCNQ ligand.

A homologous heterospin series of mononuclear lanthanide/TCNQF(4) organic radical complexes.

Reactions between trivalent rare earth ions (M(III) = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb) and the radical anion of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQF(4)) produce a family of mononuclear complexes {M[(TCNQF(4))](2)[H(2)O](x)}.(TCNQF(4))(3H(2)O), x = 6, 7. The cationic complex {M(III)([TCNQF(4)](-) )(2)[H(2)O](x)}(+) cocrystallizes with one [TCNQF(4)](-) radical anion and three water molecules.

On 29Si NMR relaxation as a structural criterion for studying paramagnetic supermicroporous silica-based materials: silica-based materials incorporating Mn2+ ions into the silica matrix of SiO2-Al2O3-MnO.

Supermicroporous paramagnetic materials SiO(2)-Al(2)O(3)-MnO and SiO(2)-MnO with different manganese concentrations have been probed by solid-state (29)Si NMR and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The (29)Si T(1) and T(2) experiments, performed in static and spinning samples, have resulted in determination of electron relaxation times, providing, in turn, quantitative interpretations of (29)Si T(1) times in terms of distances Mn-Si. The NMR relaxation data have revealed (29)Si T(1) time distributions, which are close to Gaussian and observed as different T(1) values obtained in MAS NMR experiments for isotropic (29)Si resonances and their sidebands.

Heterospin single-molecule magnets based on terbium ions and TCNQF(4) radicals: interplay between single-molecule magnet and phonon bottleneck phenomena investigated by dilution studies.

A series of isostructural compounds with formula [M(TCNQF(4))(2)(H(2)O)(6)]TCNQF(4)3 H(2)O (M=Tb (1), Y (2), Y:Tb (74:26) (3), and Y:Tb (97:3) (4); TCNQF(4)= tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane) were prepared and their magnetic properties investigated. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 show the beginning of a frequency-dependent out-of-phase ac signal, and decreasing intensity of the signal with decreased concentration of Tb(III) ions in the diluted samples is observed. No out-of-phase signal was observed for 2, an indication that the behavior of 1, 3, and 4 is indicative of slow paramagnetic relaxation of Tb(III) ions in the samples.

Molecules based on M(v) (M=Mo, W) and Ni(II) ions: a new class of trigonal bipyramidal cluster and confirmation of SMM behavior for the pentadecanuclear molecule {NiII[NiII(tmphen)(MeOH)]6[Ni(H2O)3]2[micro-CN]30[WV(CN)3]6}.

The preparation, single crystal X-ray crystallography, and magnetic properties are reported for four new clusters based on [M'V(CN)8]3- octacyanometallates (M'=Mo, W). Reactions of [M'V(CN)8]3- with mononuclear NiII ions in the presence of the tmphen blocking ligand (tmphen=3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) in a 2:3:6 ratio, respectively, lead to the formation of the trigonal bipyramidal clusters [NiII(tmphen)2]3[M'V(CN)8]2. Analogous reactions with the same starting materials performed in a 2:3:2 ratio, respectively, produce pentadecanuclear clusters of the type {NiII[NiII(tmphen)(MeOH)]6[Ni(H2O)3]2[micro-CN]30[WV(CN)3]6}.