Cyclosporin A toxicity on endothelial cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells: Assembling an adverse outcome pathway.

Cyclosporin A (CSA) is a potent immunosuppressive agent in pharmacologic studies. However, there is evidence for side effects, specifically regarding vascular dysfunction. Its mode of action inducing endothelial cell toxicity is partially unclear, and a connection with an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is not established yet.

Cellular ROS and Antioxidants: Physiological and Pathological Role.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen derivatives that include free radicals such as superoxide anion radical (O) and hydroxyl radical (HO), as well as non-radical molecules hydrogen peroxide (HO), peroxynitrite (ONOO), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) [...

Interplay between Energy Supply and Glutamate Toxicity in the Primary Cortical Culture.

Limited substrate availability because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has made the brain develop specific molecular mechanisms to survive, using lactate synthesized by astrocytes as a source of energy in neurons. To understand if lactate improves cellular viability and susceptibility to glutamate toxicity, primary cortical cells were incubated in glucose- or lactate-containing media and toxic concentrations of glutamate for 24 h. Cell death was determined by immunostaining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.

Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Long-Term Effect of the Glycerol Flow, Stopped in a Coiled Heat Exchanger, on Horseradish Peroxidase.

Glycerol is employed as a functional component of heat-transfer fluids, which are of use in both bioreactors and various biosensor devices. At the same time, flowing glycerol was reported to cause considerable triboelectric effects. Herein, by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we have revealed the long-term effect of glycerol flow, stopped in a ground-shielded coiled heat exchanger, on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) adsorption on mica.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Vasodilation in Liver Vessels That Is Not Mediated by Unfolded Protein Response.

There is a growing body of evidence that ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) play a key role in numerous diseases. Impaired liver perfusion and ER stress often accompany each other in liver diseases. However, the exact impact of ER stress and UPR on the hepatic perfusion is not fully understood.

Effects of Complex Fertilizers on the Properties of Grey Forest Heavy Loamy Soil.

The study's main aim was to evaluate the effects of complex mineral fertilizers on the complex properties of heavy loam soils in the grey forests of Russia in terms of applying individual soil nutrition components from experiments with fodder beets. This study employed a rigorous and systematic approach to accomplish the defined goal. Specifically, the research was conducted within a seven-field crop rotation system, with fodder beets serving as the primary experimental crop.

MS Identification of Blood Plasma Proteins Concentrated on a Photocrosslinker-Modified Surface.

This work demonstrates the use of a modified mica to concentrate proteins, which is required for proteomic profiling of blood plasma by mass spectrometry (MS). The surface of mica substrates, which are routinely used in atomic force microscopy (AFM), was modified with a photocrosslinker to allow "irreversible" binding of proteins via covalent bond formation. This modified substrate was called the AFM chip.

Selection of Aptamers for Use as Molecular Probes in AFM Detection of Proteins.

Currently, there is great interest in the development of highly sensitive bioanalytical systems for diagnosing diseases at an early stage, when pathological biomarkers are present in biological fluids at low concentrations and there are no clinical manifestations. A promising direction is the use of molecular detectors-highly sensitive devices that detect signals from single biomacromolecules. A typical detector in this class is the atomic force microscope (AFM).

The Study of Performance of a Nanoribbon Biosensor, Sensitized with Aptamers and Antibodies, upon Detection of Core Antigen of Hepatitis C Virus.

The development of highly sensitive diagnostic systems for the early revelation of diseases in humans is one of the most important tasks of modern biomedical research, and the detection of the core antigen of the hepatitis C virus (HCVcoreAg)-a protein marker of the hepatitis C virus-is just the case. Our study is aimed at testing the performance of the nanoribbon biosensor in the case of the use of two different types of molecular probes: the antibodies and the aptamers against HCVcoreAg. The nanoribbon sensor chips employed are based on "silicon-on-insulator structures" (SOI-NR).

Reductive coupling of nitroarenes with carboxylic acids - a direct route to amide synthesis.

A straightforward and selective way for the preparation of amides from nitroarenes and carboxylic acids using carbon monoxide as a reductant was developed. This protocol does not require any non-gaseous additives, thus simplifying product isolation. Aliphatic carboxylic acid was modified in the presence of aromatic ones, and reducible functional groups such as CC, Ar-Br, and R-NO were saved.

Genetic Contributors to PTSD: the Role of SNVs, Gene Interactions and Haplotypes for Developing PTSD Prevention Measures. A Comprehensive Review.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma- or stressor-related mental health condition with high socioeconomic burden. We aimed in this review to identify promising genetic markers predisposing for PTSD, which might serve in the design subsequent studies aiming to develop PTSD prevention and remediation measures.

Subjects And Methods: Our search queries in the PubMed database yielded 547 articles, of which 20 met our inclusion criteria for further analysis: published between 2018 and 2022, original research, containing molecular-genetic and statistical data, containing diagnosis verification methods, PTSD as a primary condition, and a sample of at least 60 patients.

Nanoribbon Biosensor-Based Detection of microRNA Markers of Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the major causes of death among elderly men. PC is often diagnosed later in progression due to asymptomatic early stages. Early detection of PC is thus crucial for effective PC treatment.

Comparison of laboratory methods for identifying members of the family .

Background: The introduction of a method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry) into the practice of laboratories significantly increased the identification of acid-resistant bacteria (ARB).

Methods: Seventy-four nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cultures identified by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry.

Results: Analysis of the identification results obtained by the methods of DNA hybridization and Sanger sequencing showed a complete match only for 67.

Stopped Flow of Glycerol Induces the Enhancement of Adsorption and Aggregation of HRP on Mica.

Glycerol is a usable component of heat-transfer fluids, and is thus suitable for the use in microchannel-based heat exchangers in biosensors and microelectronic devices. The flow of a fluid can lead to the generation of electromagnetic fields, which can affect enzymes. Herein, by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectrophotometry, a long-term effect of stopped flow of glycerol through a coiled heat exchanger on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been revealed.

Mass Spectrometric Identification of BSA Covalently Captured onto a Chip for Atomic Force Microscopy.

Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the main techniques for protein identification. Herein, MS has been employed for the identification of bovine serum albumin (BSA), which was covalently immobilized on the surface of a mica chip intended for investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM). For the immobilization, two different types of crosslinkers have been used: 4-benzoylbenzoic acid N-succinimidyl ester (SuccBB) and dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (DSP).

Effect of mitoTEMPO on Redox Reactions in Different Body Compartments upon Endotoxemia in Rats.

Mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) control many reactions in cells. Biological effects of mitoROS can be investigated by modulation via mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (mtAOX, mitoTEMPO). The aim of this study was to determine how mitoROS influence redox reactions in different body compartments in a rat model of endotoxemia.

Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy for Cats and Dogs with Spontaneous Tumors Using Gd-DTPA.

We conducted a clinical veterinary study on neutron capture therapy (NCT) at a neutron-producing accelerator with seven incurable pets with spontaneous tumors and gadolinium as a neutron capture agent (gadolinium neutron capture therapy, or GdNCT). Gadolinium-containing dimeglumine gadopentetate, or Gd-DTPA (Magnevist, 0.6 mL/kg b.

PCYT2-regulated lipid biosynthesis is critical to muscle health and ageing.

Muscle degeneration is the most prevalent cause for frailty and dependency in inherited diseases and ageing. Elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as effective treatments for muscle diseases, represents an important goal in improving human health. Here, we show that the lipid synthesis enzyme phosphatidylethanolamine cytidyltransferase (PCYT2/ECT) is critical to muscle health.

Application of chromogenic media for preliminary identification of acid-resistant bacteria.

Background: The variety of morphological and cultural characteristics of acid-resistant bacteria (ARB) makes it possible to use microscopy and estimate the growth rate and pigment formation when cultivating on solid egg media for preliminary identification only as additional indicative methods. It is necessary to develop new approaches for the cultivation and primary identification of ARB isolated from the biological material. It will allow to obtain data on the prevalence, structure, epidemiological, and clinical features of infectious processes caused by opportunistic ARB.

Evaluation of possibility of cultivation of acid resistant bacteria on solid egg-based and agar cultural media.

Background: The increase in the number of patients at risk for opportunistic infections caused by rare bacteria, which include individual representatives of acid-resistant bacteria (ARB), is a serious problem in modern health care. Significant difficulties in the etiological diagnosis of mycobacteriosis, nocardiosis, and actinomycosis are associated not only with the problem of identifying the main pathogens but also with certain difficulties in isolating pathogens from biological material.

Methods: The research provides data on 402 strains of ARB, which were isolated from various biological materials obtained from patients during examination for tuberculosis.

Prevalence of genetically determined trehalase deficiency in populations of Siberia and Russian Far East.

In order to be digested, the disaccharide trehalose needs to be cleaved by the trehalase enzyme. There were reports suggesting that trehalase deficiency was more common in high-latitude than in the temperate climate populations. New horizons were opened for the epidemiologic research of trehalase enzymopathy when it became clear that reduced trehalase activity is determined by the A allele of t gene (rs2276064).