An evaluation of the relationship between Enterobius vermicularis infestation and acute appendicitis in a paediatric population--A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Enterobius vermicularis is an often unexpected finding in appendectomy specimen, most commonly seen in paediatric cases. Predicting the presence of E. vermicularis in the setting of appendectomy is important to avoid unnecessary appendectomy and associated morbidity.

Person-first and identity-first language: Developing psychologists' cultural competence using disability language.

The American Psychological Association (APA) advocates the use of person-first language (e.g., people with disabilities) to refer to individuals with disabilities in daily discourse and to reduce bias in psychological writing.

"Is general surgery still relevant to the subspecialised trainee?" A 10 year comparison of general versus specialty surgical practice.

Background: The splintering of general surgery into subspecialties in the past decade has brought into question the relevance of a continued emphasis on traditional general surgical training. With the majority of trainees now expressing a preference to subspecialise early, this study sought to identify if the requirement for proficiency in managing general surgical conditions has reduced over the past decade through comparison of general and specialty surgical admissions at a tertiary referral center.

Methods: A cross-sectional review of all surgical admissions at Cork University Hospital was performed at three individual time points: 2002, 2007 & 2012.

The Xolair Pregnancy Registry (EXPECT): the safety of omalizumab use during pregnancy.

Background: For many asthma medications, pregnancy safety data remains insufficient.

Objective: The omalizumab pregnancy registry, EXPECT, evaluates maternal, pregnancy, and infant outcomes after exposure to omalizumab, including incidence of congenital anomalies.

Methods: EXPECT is a prospective, observational study of pregnant women exposed to ≥1 dose of omalizumab within 8 weeks prior to conception or at any time during pregnancy.

E2F4 regulatory program predicts patient survival prognosis in breast cancer.

Introduction: Genetic and molecular signatures have been incorporated into cancer prognosis prediction and treatment decisions with good success over the past decade. Clinically, these signatures are usually used in early-stage cancers to evaluate whether they require adjuvant therapy following surgical resection. A molecular signature that is prognostic across more clinical contexts would be a useful addition to current signatures.

Glioblastoma exosomes and IGF-1R/AS-ODN are immunogenic stimuli in a translational research immunotherapy paradigm.

Glioblastomas are primary intracranial tumors for which there is no cure. Patients receiving standard of care, chemotherapy and irradiation, survive approximately 15 months prompting studies of alternative therapies including vaccination. In a pilot study, a vaccine consisting of Lucite diffusion chambers containing irradiated autologous tumor cells pre-treated with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) directed against the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor was found to elicit positive clinical responses in 8/12 patients when implanted in the rectus sheath for 24 h.

Product inhibition in native-state proteolysis.

The proteolysis kinetics of intact proteins by nonspecific proteases provides valuable information on transient partial unfolding of proteins under native conditions. Native-state proteolysis is an approach to utilize the proteolysis kinetics to assess the energetics of partial unfolding in a quantitative manner. In native-state proteolysis, folded proteins are incubated with nonspecific proteases, and the rate of proteolysis is determined from the disappearance of the intact protein.

'I didn't know why you had to wait': an evaluation of NHS infant-feeding workshops amongst women living in areas of high deprivation.

Background: Inappropriate maternal and infant-feeding practices are known to have a major impact on morbidity in infancy, childhood and later life. Ring-fenced funding over 3 years from the Scottish Government to the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland has allowed the development of a range of nutrition interventions for women of childbearing age and infants living in areas of deprivation to help address these issues. The present study aimed to determine mothers' knowledge of appropriate infant-feeding practices, opinions about feeding advice and any changes in practice following attendance at workshops.

A mouse polyomavirus-encoded microRNA targets the cellular apoptosis pathway through Smad2 inhibition.

Some viruses and most eukaryotic cells have microRNAs that regulate the expression of many genes. Although many viral miRNAs have been identified, only a few have been included in in vivo functional studies. Here we show that a Py-encoded miRNA downregulates the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Smad2, resulting in the suppression of the apoptosis pathway.

How we treat our own: the experiences and characteristics of psychology trainees with disabilities.

Objective: To better understand the characteristics and experiences of psychologists and trainees with disabilities.

Method: An invitation to participate in a survey of psychologists and psychology trainees with disabilities was sent to professional listservs related to psychology and/or disability. Fifty-six trainees and psychologists with doctoral training in clinical, counseling, school, or rehabilitation psychology completed the survey.

Design, development and evaluation of an inflatable retractor for atraumatic retraction in laparoscopic colectomy.

Laparoscopic colectomy is the gold standard in the treatment of malignant tumours arising in the mucosa of the colon wall. The procedure is performed under general endotracheal anaesthesia and involves establishing a pneumoperitoneum with the patient in the Trendelenburg position. However this position can cause anaesthetic difficulties due to excess blood flow to the head and neck, increased pressure on the diaphragm and increased venous pressure.

Topiramate use in pregnancy and the birth prevalence of oral clefts.

Purpose: First marketed in the USA in 1996, topiramate (TPM) is an antiepileptic drug later approved for migraine prophylaxis, and in 2012 for weight loss in combination with phentermine. Some studies indicate an elevated prevalence of oral cleft (OC) in infants exposed to TPM in utero. We evaluated the association between TPM use in early pregnancy and the risk of OC.

Patient Perception of Midlevel Providers in Pediatric Diabetes Care.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate perceptions of the role of midlevel providers among pediatric type 1 diabetes patients.

Methods: The study population was a convenience sample of 82 youth with type 1 diabetes who were enrolled in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, Carolina site, and attended either baseline (n = 22) or follow-up (n = 60) visits between May 25, 2012, and October 3, 2012. Self-administered surveys queried participants' understanding of providers' roles and perceived employment at clinics and whether participants had seen providers since diagnosis.

What does general paediatric surgery involve? An audit of paediatric cases in 1 year.

Background: As all tertiary paediatric hospitals are based in the capital of Dublin, it is therefore necessary for general surgeons in centres outside of Dublin to undertake routine elective and emergency paediatric surgery to provide children with care close to home. The aim of this study is to assess the volume and type of procedures this entails.

Methods: Prospective analysis of the elective and emergency paediatric surgical services provided by a single surgeon in a regional university hospital to determine the volume and nature of general paediatric operative procedures performed.

Chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle targeting demonstrates a requirement for single-minded during larval and pupal olfactory system development of the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Background: Essentially nothing is known about the genetic regulation of olfactory system development in vector mosquitoes, which use olfactory cues to detect blood meal hosts. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster have identified a regulatory matrix of transcription factors that controls pupal/adult odorant receptor (OR) gene expression in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). However, it is unclear if transcription factors that function in the D.

Evidence-based training and mentorship combined with enhanced outcomes surveillance to address the leading causes of neonatal mortality at the district hospital level in Ghana.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a district hospital intervention focused on enhancing healthcare provider capacity to address leading causes of neonatal death: birth asphyxia, infection and prematurity.

Methods: The neonatal quality improvement initiative was launched at two intervention referral district hospitals in Ghana. Local Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems were enlisted to enhance recording of neonatal and infant deaths in the community and at the facility.

Intraoperative vancomycin use in spinal surgery: single institution experience and microbial trends.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Objective: To demonstrate the microbial trends of spinal surgical site infections in patients who had previously received crystallized vancomycin in the operative bed.

Summary Of Background Data: Prior large, case control series demonstrate the significant decrease in surgical site infection with the administration of vancomycin in the wound bed.

Prospective stage-stratified approach to AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

Purpose: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is standard of care for patients with HIV diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), but the current role of systemic chemotherapy is undefined.

Patients And Methods: Since 1998, a prospective stage-stratified approach has been adopted for 469 patients with HIV with KS. Patients with early-stage (T0) KS are treated with cART alone; patients with advanced-stage (T1) KS receive cART plus liposomal anthracycline chemotherapy.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2179c protein establishes a new exoribonuclease family with broad phylogenetic distribution.

Ribonucleases (RNases) maintain the cellular RNA pool by RNA processing and degradation. In many bacteria, including the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the enzymes mediating several central RNA processing functions are still unknown. Here, we identify the hypothetical Mtb protein Rv2179c as a highly divergent exoribonuclease.

Requirement for commissureless2 function during dipteran insect nerve cord development.

Background: In Drosophila melanogaster, commissureless (comm) function is required for proper nerve cord development. Although comm orthologs have not been identified outside of Drosophila species, some insects possess orthologs of Drosophila comm2, which may also regulate embryonic nerve cord development. Here, this hypothesis is explored through characterization of comm2 genes in two disease vector mosquitoes.

Successful management of presacral ganglioneuroma: A case report and a review of the literature.

Introduction: Presacral ganglioneuromas are rare, usually benign lesions. Patients typically present when the mass is very large and becomes symptomatic.

Presentation Of Case: This report describes the case of a 42 year old lady presenting with back pain who was subsequently diagnosed with a presacral ganglioneuroma based on MR imaging and a CT guided biopsy of the lesion.

Carbon footprint of patient journeys through primary care: a mixed methods approach.

Background: The NHS has a target of cutting its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. Travel comprises 17% of the NHS carbon footprint. This carbon footprint represents the total CO2 emissions caused directly or indirectly by the NHS.

Providing culturally competent supervision to trainees with disabilities in rehabilitation settings.

Objective: Very little is known about the supervision experiences of psychology trainees with disabilities in rehabilitation training settings. It is clear from the lack of literature, however, that a gap exists in training and education for supervisors about working with disabled trainees and providing culturally competent supervision. The purpose of this article is to explore legal and ethical concerns, cultural considerations of disability as an aspect of human diversity, attitudinal barriers, and mentorship during the professional journey of training future psychologists with disabilities.