Virtual and Augmented Reality-based Treatments for Phantom Limb Pain: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To evaluate the literature on the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)- and augmented reality (AR)-based treatments for phantom limb pain (PLP) in postamputation or brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) populations.

Methods: Multiple databases were queried in July 2021 with the keywords "virtual reality," "augmented reality," and "phantom limb pain." Included studies utilized VR or AR to treat PLP with outcome measurement.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Applicants: A Decade of Change.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) has been an expanding specialty in medicine since its induction into the American Medical Association in 1947. This article quantifies the growth of PM&R by analyzing the number of residency positions and applicants as well as the characteristics of the applicants. Review of the United States (US) National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) data from 2010-2020 shows that the number of PM&R residency positions has grown by 26%, while the number of applicants has grown by 37% with a decreasing ratio of allopathic to osteopathic matched applicants.