Publications by authors named "Andrew Welch"

Objective: To reduce the frequency of insufficient overlap of intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) insulin during the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as a quality improvement project.

Patients And Methods: Rates of insufficient IV and SC insulin overlap (< 2-hour overlap, SC insulin given after IV insulin discontinuation, or no SC insulin given after IV insulin discontinuation) were assessed in adults with DKA treated with IV insulin at a large tertiary care referral center in Rochester, Minnesota, from July 1, 2021, to March 15, 2023. After a preintervention analysis period, an electronic medical record-based best practice advisory was introduced to notify hospital providers discontinuing IV insulin if SC long-acting insulin had not been given in the previous 2-6 hours.

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BACKGROUNDProglucagon can be processed to glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP-1) within the islet, but its contribution to islet function in humans remains unknown. We sought to understand whether pancreatic GLP-1 alters islet function in humans and whether this is affected by type 2 diabetes.METHODSWe therefore studied individuals with and without type 2 diabetes on two occasions in random order.

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Elevated fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) and fasting glucose are additively associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and decreased β-cell function [quantified as disposition index (DI)]. We sought to examine how changes in fasting FFA and glucose alter islet function. We studied 10 subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) on two occasions.

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Article Synopsis
  • Research on transgenic rodent models indicates that glucagon may stimulate insulin secretion by activating the GLP-1R receptor on β-cells, but its role in humans is not well understood.
  • The study involved non-diabetic individuals undergoing two experiments, where glucagon was infused while either blocking the GLP-1R or using saline as a control.
  • Results showed that blocking the GLP-1R reduced insulin secretion rates in response to glucagon, suggesting that glucagon does play a role in stimulating insulin release in humans through this receptor.
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Recent large national and international cohorts describe the baseline characteristics and outcome of hospitalised patients with COVID-19, however there is limited granularity to these reports. We aimed to provide a detailed description of a UK COVID-19 cohort, focusing on management and outcome. We performed a retrospective single-centre analysis of clinical management and 28-day outcomes of consecutive adult inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 from 31 January to 16 April 2020 inclusive.

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Background: Optimal curative therapy for locally advanced esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer might not be offered to elderly patients due to patient and treating physician perception of the high risk of therapy. To understand the risk of multimodality curative therapy, including surgical resection in the elderly population, we studied our experience with curative therapy in this patient population and compared the risks and outcomes with those in a younger population.

Study Design: Between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2019, four hundred and five consecutive patients with esophageal or EGJ cancer underwent primary treatment at our institution, including esophagectomy.

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Subcortical white matter ischemic lesions are increasingly recognized to have pathologic overlap in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The interaction of white matter ischemic lesions with amyloid pathology seen in AD is poorly characterized. We designed a novel mouse model of subcortical white matter ischemic stroke and AD that can inform our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of mixed vascular and AD dementia.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A total of 172 tracheostomies were conducted, primarily due to long-term ventilation needs, with a significant portion being elective procedures rather than emergencies.
  • * Although many children had successful decannulation, there were notable early (9.8%) and late (40.0%) complication rates, and the study found a 22.1% all-cause mortality, highlighting both the challenges and risks associated with pediatric tracheostomy.
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The bile acid analogue (LithoCholic Acid Triazole Derivative) is transported in vitro by hepatic uptake transporters such as OATP1B1 and NTCP and efflux transporter BSEP. In this in vivo "proof of principle" study, we tested if may be used to evaluate drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by inhibition of liver transporters. Hepatic clearance of in rats was significantly modified upon coadministration of rifamycin SV or sodium fusidate, which are known to inhibit clinically relevant uptake transporters (OATP1B1, NTCP) and canalicular hepatic transporters (BSEP) in humans.

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Objective: Perfusion-metabolism mismatch pattern on positron emission tomography (PET) predicts hibernating myocardium. We assess the ECG-gated metabolic PET as a surrogate for the perfusion-metabolism mismatch pattern on PET imaging.

Methods: N-Ammonia (NH) and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) are respectively perfusion and metabolism PET tracers.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between reduced coronary artery flow and myocardial viability, scarring and hibernation.

Patients And Methods: Coronary flow grades and collateral vessels were scored using the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial (TIMI) and the Rentrop and Cohen scoring systems, respectively. N-ammonia and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) are the perfusion and metabolic markers on PET, respectively.

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Recent work has renewed interest in therapies targeting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to improve β-cell function in type 2 diabetes. Studies show that generation of angiotensin-(1-7) by ACE2 and its binding to the Mas receptor (MasR) improves glucose homeostasis, partly by enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Thus, islet ACE2 upregulation is viewed as a desirable therapeutic goal.

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Visualization of the common bile duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is frequently required to confirm or exclude choledocholithiasis. Although on-table cholangiogram (OTC) is the traditional imaging technique, laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly deployed for this purpose. We are reporting a 31-month experience with an LUS, starting from the initial set up of the equipment.

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Background: The voice impact of treatment for nonlaryngeal head and neck primary sites remains unknown.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of a consecutive sample of patients undergoing chemoradiation for nonlaryngeal head and neck cancer. The Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS) was completed, and voice recordings were made at 3 time-points.

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Background: To determine the utility of F-18-FDG and C-11-Choline uptake, in patients with esophageal and esophago-gastric junction tumors who are to undergo either neo-adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy, in predicting response (pathological and survival).

Methods: Eighteen patients with biopsy proven cancer were recruited prospectively. Patients underwent PET imaging before and during the first cycle of chemotherapy (seven and 14 days) with both F-18-FDG and C-11-Choline.

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An efficient two-step, one-pot, biotransformation involving the fluorinase enzyme is described for the synthesis of 5-deoxy-5-[(18)F]fluororibose, a novel [(18)F]-fluorinated sugar suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) applications.

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Objective: To identify the impact of comorbidity on quality of life during radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.

Study Design: Prospective assessment of quality of life and retrospective assessment of comorbidity.

Subjects And Methods: Patients' quality of life was assessed at the start and twice during radiation treatment with the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire.

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Background: The objective of the study was to study the incidence of, and risk factors for developing complications following parotidectomy for benign disease, to improve preoperative patient counselling and better inform future surgical management.

Methods: An 11-year retrospective review of 162 parotidectomies for benign disease, collecting and analysing data about presentation, investigations, surgical treatment, postoperative facial nerve function, Frey's syndrome and other surgical complications.

Results: The mean age at presentation was 58 years.

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Unlabelled: We have compared 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) images of large or locally advanced breast cancers (LABC) acquired during Anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The purpose was to determine whether there is an optimal method for defining tumour volume and an optimal imaging time for predicting pathologic chemotherapy response.

Method: PET data were acquired before the first and second cycles, at the midpoint and at the endpoint of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

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Scintillation detectors developed for PET traditionally use relatively thick crystals coupled to photomultiplier tubes. To ensure good efficiency the crystals typically measure between 10 and 30 mm thick. Detectors also require good spatial resolution so the scintillator is normally made up of a densely packed array of long thin crystals.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between vascular and metabolic characteristics of breast tumours in vivo, using contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI and 2-[(18)F] fluoro-2-deoxy- d-glucose (FDG) PET imaging. Twenty patients with large or locally advanced primary breast cancers were imaged prior to therapy. MRI data were acquired using a dynamic gradient echo sequence and analysed using two pharmacokinetic models.

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Background: The aim of this study was to examine the quality of nitrogen 13-labeled ammonia (NH(3)) perfusion data from coincidence-capable gamma camera positron emission tomography (GC-PET) systems compared with that from full-ring positron emission tomography (FR-PET).

Methods And Results: The performance parameters of the GC-PET system were examined and found adequate for imaging at the activity levels used clinically. We studied 15 patients who underwent stress and rest N-13-labeled NH(3) perfusion imaging on FR-PET and GC-PET systems.

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