Electrical conductivity measurement of excised human metastatic liver tumours before and after thermal ablation.

We measured the ex vivo electrical conductivity of eight human metastatic liver tumours and six normal liver tissue samples from six patients using the four electrode method over the frequency range 10 Hz to 1 MHz. In addition, in a single patient we measured the electrical conductivity before and after the thermal ablation of normal and tumour tissue. The average conductivity of tumour tissue was significantly higher than normal tissue over the entire frequency range (from 4.

Monitoring salivary lamotrigine concentrations.

Lamotrigine concentrations were measured simultaneously (as far as was feasible) in stimulated and unstimulated saliva samples, and in plasma, from seven adult volunteers over a 32 h period following a single 50 mg dose of the drug, and in 20 children and adolescents during the course of routine antiepileptic therapy. In individuals there was a close correlation between the measurements at least 2 h after ingestion of the drug. Concentrations in stimulated and unstimulated saliva were similar; the stimulation produced little change in the saliva secretion rate.

Abolition of valproate-derived choleresis in the Mrp2 transporter-deficient rat.

Valproic acid (VPA) is a major therapeutic agent in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. It is metabolized in humans and rats primarily along two pathways: direct glucuronidation to yield the acyl glucuronide (VPA-G) and beta-oxidation. We have shown much earlier in the Sprague-Dawley rat that i.