What parenting practices do US and Canadian parents use to encourage or discourage healthy eating among their 5-12 year-old children?

This study explored the parenting practices that parents of 5-12 year-old children report using to encourage or discourage children's healthy eating and examined sex differences in parent's responses. A stratified sample of 135 parents in the US and Canada completed a semi-qualitative online survey (Jan-Feb 2014) (stratified by parents' sex, income, and ethnicity of each country). Parents provided short answers to questions regarding the strategies they or other parents used to encourage or discourage their children's healthy eating (5-12 year-old).

Patterns of health care utilization among people who overdosed from illegal drugs: a descriptive analysis using the BC Provincial Overdose Cohort.

Introduction: British Columbia (BC) declared a public health emergency in April 2016 in response to a rapid rise in overdose deaths. Further understanding of health care utilization is needed to inform prevention strategies for individuals who overdose from illegal drugs.

Methods: The Provincial Overdose Cohort includes linked administrative data on health care utilization by individuals who experienced an illegal drug overdose event in BC between 1 January 2015 and 30 November 2016.

What do US and Canadian parents do to encourage or discourage physical activity among their 5-12 Year old children?

Background: Parents have the potential to substantively influence their child's physical activity. This study identified the parenting practices of US and Canadian parents to encourage or discourage their 5-12 year-old child's physical activity and to examine differences in parenting practices by country, parental sex, age of child, and income.

Methods: The sample consisted of 134 US and Canadian parents (54.

Food parenting practices for 5 to 12 year old children: a concept map analysis of parenting and nutrition experts input.

Background: Parents are an important influence on children's dietary intake and eating behaviors. However, the lack of a conceptual framework and inconsistent assessment of food parenting practices limits our understanding of which food parenting practices are most influential on children. The aim of this study was to develop a food parenting practice conceptual framework using systematic approaches of literature reviews and expert input.

Longitudinal changes in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome: Results from the Multicultural Community Health Assessment Trial (M-CHAT).

Aim: Few studies have examined whether longitudinal changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), independent of each other, are associated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal effects of VAT and SAT on MetS and metabolic risk factors in a multi-ethnic sample of Canadians followed for 5-years.

Materials And Methods: In total, 598 adults of the Multicultural Community Health Assessment Trial (M-CHAT) were included in this study.

Conceptualizing physical activity parenting practices using expert informed concept mapping analysis.

Background: Parents are widely recognized as playing a central role in the development of child behaviors such as physical activity. As there is little agreement as to the dimensions of physical activity-related parenting practices that should be measured or how they should be operationalized, this study engaged experts to develop an integrated conceptual framework for assessing parenting practices that influence multiple aspects of 5 to 12 year old children's participation in physical activity. The ultimate goal of this study is to inform the development of an item bank (repository of calibrated items) aimed at measuring physical activity parenting practices.

Does parental and adolescent participation in an e-health lifestyle modification intervention improves weight outcomes?

Background: Few studies have evaluated the effect of adherence to a lifestyle intervention on adolescent health outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether adolescent and parental adherence to components of an e-health intervention resulted in change in adolescent body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) z-scores in a sample of overweight/obese adolescents.

Methods: In total, 159 overweight/obese adolescents and their parents participated in an 8-month e-health lifestyle intervention.

Are the Physical Activity Parenting Practices Reported by US and Canadian Parents Captured in Currently Published Instruments?

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the physical activity parenting practices (PAPPs) parents report using with the PAPPs incorporated in the published literature.

Methods: PAPPs in the literature were identified by reviewing the content of 74 published PAPP measures obtained from current systematic reviews supplemented with a literature search. The types of PAPPs used by parents were identified by surveying a stratified sample of 134 Canadian and US parents of 5- to 12 year-old children.

Exploring the mediating roles of physical activity and television time on the relationship between the neighbourhood environment and childhood obesity.

Objective: Understanding the mechanisms by which neighbourhood environments influence childhood obesity is needed to facilitate the development of prevention strategies. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify the distinct types of neighbourhoods in which Canadian children reside and examine the extent to which physical activity and sedentary behaviour mediate the relationship between neighbourhood type and childhood obesity.

Methods: Baseline data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (1994/1995) were used for this study.

Development of an item bank for food parenting practices based on published instruments and reports from Canadian and US parents.

Research to understand how parents influence their children's dietary intake and eating behaviors has expanded in the past decades and a growing number of instruments are available to assess food parenting practices. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on how constructs should be defined or operationalized, making comparison of results across studies difficult. The aim of this study was to develop a food parenting practice item bank with items from published scales and supplement with parenting practices that parents report using.

Body mass index trajectories from ages 1 to 20: Results from two nationally representative canadian longitudinal cohorts.

Objective: In this study, unique body mass index (BMI) trajectories from ages 1 to 20 years were identified; each trajectory according to socio demographic and family characteristics was described.

Methods: Participants came from two national population surveys (n = 7,253; n = 901) and were aged 1-6 years at baseline. Children were surveyed biennially over eight waves up to 14-20 years of age.

Parent-Adolescent Patterns of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors and Sleep Among a Sample of Overweight and Obese Adolescents.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between parent and adolescent levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep among a group of overweight and obese adolescents.

Methods: Baseline data of parent-adolescent pairs who enrolled in a lifestyle modification intervention were analyzed for this study (n = 176). Participants completed questionnaires about their screen time (TV, video game, and computer time), wore an accelerometer for 8 days, and completed a sleep diary for 1 week.

Individual and household predictors of adolescents' adherence to a web-based intervention.

Background: Adherence to e-health obesity interventions is a significant challenge.

Purpose: We examined the individual and household predictors of adolescents' adherence to a Web-based lifestyle intervention.

Methods: One hundred sixty overweight/obese adolescents and one of their parents enrolled in the 8-month e-health intervention.

Who knows more about immunization?: Survey of public health nurses and physicians.

Objective: To report the findings of a knowledge survey of nurse and physician immunization providers.

Design: Cross-sectional postal survey assessing demographic characteristics and vaccine knowledge.

Setting: British Columbia (BC).

The relationship between income and weight control strategies among Canadian adults.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine use of weight control strategies in Canadian adults and the role of income as a barrier to using these strategies.

Methods: Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey cycle 4.1 on health behaviour change was used for this study.

Estimates of smoking-attributable mortality and hospitalization in BC, 2002-2007.

Objective: The objective of this paper was to estimate the number and rate of deaths and hospitalizations attributable to smoking in British Columbia (BC) from 2002 to 2007.

Methods: Using attributable fractions adjusted to BC smoking prevalence and mortality and hospital administrative data, estimates of smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) and smoking-attributable hospitalization (SAH) were calculated by year, disease category, sex, and geographic region.

Results: Among active smoking adults 15 years of age and older, there were an estimated 4,851 deaths and 25,314 hospitalizations attributed to smoking in BC in 2007.

Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients in British Columbia: Follow-up after a possible breach in hemodialysis machines.

Background: A possible breach of the transducer protector in specific dialysis machines was reported in June 2004 in British Columbia (BC), which led to testing of hemodialysis patients for hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV. This testing provided an opportunity to examine HCV incidence, prevalence and coinfection with HBV and HIV, and to compare anti-HCV and HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Methods: The results of hemodialysis patients who were dialyzed on the implicated machines (65% of BC dialysis patients), and tested for HCV, HBV and HIV, between June 1, 2004, and December 31, 2004, were reviewed and compared with available previous results.

Identifying attitudes, beliefs and reported practices of nurses and doctors as immunization providers.

Aim: This paper is a report of a study conducted to examine the attitudes, beliefs, behavioural intentions and self-reported behaviour of nurses and physicians relating to key immunization behaviours and compare the findings for nurses and physicians.

Background: Immunization is an important and effective public health intervention. Understanding immunization providers' attitudes and beliefs toward immunization has the potential to improve educational efforts and lead to behavioural change.

The context of illicit drug overdose deaths in British Columbia, 2006.

Background: Illicit drug overdose deaths (IDD) relate to individual drug dose and context of use, including use with other drugs and alcohol. IDD peaked in British Columbia (BC) in 1998 with 417 deaths, and continues to be a public health problem. The objective of this study was to examine IDD in 2006 in BC by place of residence, injury and death, decedents' age and sex and substances identified.

Gender differences in the correlates of adolescents' cannabis use.

Adolescents' gender-specific cannabis use rates and their correlates were examined. Data were obtained via a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2004 in British Columbia, Canada, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. School districts were invited to participate, and schools within consenting districts were recruited.

Publicly funded pegylated interferon-alpha treatment in British Columbia: disparities in treatment patterns for people with hepatitis C.

Background: An estimated 60,000 British Columbians are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV); 10% to 20% will develop cirrhosis after 20 years and 5% to 10% of these will develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Although treatment may prevent cirrhosis and liver cancer, and improve quality of life, availability is limited.

Methods: Individuals with HCV genotypes 1, 4, 5 and 6 who underwent baseline HCV-RNA tests between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2005, and were eligible for publicly funded treatment through PharmaCare were linked to British Columbia's reportable disease database.

Treatment differences between Aboriginal and white infants admitted to Canadian neonatal intensive care units.

Previous studies reported differences in clinical treatments provided to ethnic minority children and white children. We examined whether there were differences in clinical treatments provided to Aboriginal and White infants in Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and whether these potential differences could be explained by differences in population characteristics, community size, maternal neighbourhood income and hospital treatment policies. The study population included 10 166 infants (n = 784 Aboriginal and n = 9382 white) admitted to 17 NICUs from all geographical regions of Canada participating in the Canadian Neonatal Network during January 1996-October 1997.

Factors associated with reluctance to use an emergency department in a multi-ethnic community: results of a telephone survey.

Background: Delays in seeking emergency care when experiencing serious symptoms may increase morbidity and mortality. Understanding the reasons for such delays may result in interventions to reduce them. We examined the relationship between ethnicity and the reluctance to use an emergency department (ED).

Myocardial infarction symptom recognition by the lay public: the role of gender and ethnicity.

Study Objective: To find out if gender and ethnicity are associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) symptom recognition and the recommendation of enlisting emergency medical services.

Design: In an experiment, a random sample of the public was provided a scenario of a person experiencing symptoms of AMI; the gender of the character (male, female, or indeterminate) was manipulated.

Setting: Vancouver, Canada

Participants: 976 people from a population based random sample of 3419 people, 40 years of age and older, participated in a telephone survey given in English, Cantonese, Mandarin, and Punjabi.