Central serous chorioretinopathy: A review.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is the fourth most common non-surgical retinopathy associated with fluid leakage. The pathogenesis is not yet completely understood, but changes in the choroid, sclera and RPE have been described associated with venous congestion of choroidal outflow. CSC can be categorised into acute, chronic, and recurrent subtypes with recent classifications of simple and complex based on the area of RPE change seen on fundus autofluorescence.

endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To report a case of an exogenous endophthalmitis caused by the fungal species .

Observations: A 71-year-old male presented with an infectious keratitis that evolved into endophthalmitis. Combined cataract extraction and pars plana vitrectomy was performed and the vitreous specimen cultured a variant of the fungal species.

Nasal turbinate mucosal graft for management of contracted anophthalmic socket.

A 67-year-old Caucasian male presented with severe contraction of socket lining 8 years after enucleation, dermis fat graft and successful ocular prosthesis fitting. Following two failed attempts at using amniotic membrane grafts to reform the socket lining, a total socket reconstruction was attempted using a novel nasal turbinate mucosal graft technique. This was performed in a staged fashion with lower fornix reconstruction followed by upper fornix reconstruction 3 months later.

Short research paper: Personal protective equipment for the care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients - Modelling requirements and burn rate.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE). A paucity of data on PPE burn rate (PPE consumption over time) in pandemic situations exacerbated these issues as there was little historic research to indicate volumes of PPE required to care for surges in infective patients and thus plan procurement requirements.

Methods: To better understand PPE requirements for care of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in our Australian quaternary referral hospital, the number of staff-to-patient interactions in a 24-h period for three patient groups (ward-based COVID suspect, ward-based COVID confirmed, intensive care COVID confirmed) was audited prospectively from 1st to 30th April 2020.

Reduction in Ophthalmic Presentations to Australian Emergency Departments During the COVID-19 Period: Are We Seeing the Full Picture?

Purpose: To examine changing patterns of ophthalmic presentations to emergency departments (EDs) during the lockdowns associated with the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and the two months immediately following lockdown relaxation.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective audit of triage coding and ICD-10-AM coding for all patient presentations to four Australian EDs from March 29 to May 31 in 2019 and 2020 (the COVID-19 lockdown period and the corresponding period in 2019), and from June 1 to July 31 in 2019 and 2020 (the post-lockdown period and the corresponding period in 2019). Number of ophthalmic presentations triaged per day and number of seven common and/or time-sensitive, vision threatening ophthalmic diagnoses were examined.

Using Lean Six Sigma techniques to improve efficiency in outpatient ophthalmology clinics.

Background: Increasing patient numbers, complexity of patient management, and healthcare resource limitations have resulted in prolonged patient wait times, decreased quality of service, and decreased patient satisfaction in many outpatient services worldwide. This study investigated the impact of Lean Six Sigma, a service improvement methodology originally from manufacturing, in reducing patient wait times and increasing service capacity in a publicly-funded, tertiary referral outpatient ophthalmology clinic.

Methods: This quality improvement study compared results from two five-months audits of operational data pre- and post-implementation of Lean Six Sigma.

Intracranial Arterial Compression of the Anterior Visual Pathway.

Compression of anterior visual pathway (AVP) structures by intracranial arteries is observed not infrequently on neuroimaging. Whether or not such compression results in damage to these structures, however, remains unclear. This information is important to define as AVP compression by intracranial arteries may be a causative factor in patients with otherwise unexplained visual dysfunction.

Primary Choroidal Lymphoma Diagnosed with 27-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy Choroidal Biopsy.

Background: Currently, transvitreal fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the most widely used tissue biopsy technique in cases of suspected intraocular lymphoma due to its relative simplicity and low trauma. The small sample produced, however, may be inadequate for diagnostic and prognostic analyses due to mechanical artefacts, insufficient material, or sampling errors. Small case series have demonstrated choroidal biopsy via vitrectomy to be safe and effective.

Rapid "epiretinal membrane" development following intravitreal bevacizumab for Coats' disease.

Purpose: To report a case of rapid "epiretinal membrane" ("ERM") development following intravitreal bevacizumab for juvenile Coats' disease.

Observations: A 7-year old boy was followed for four years with asymptomatic stage 2 Coats' disease in his left eye. At age 11, he developed symptomatic cystoid macular edema.

Preventing brachial plexus injury during shoulder surgery: a real-time cadaveric study.

Background: Brachial plexopathy is not uncommon after shoulder surgery. Although thought to be due to stretch neuropathy, its etiology is poorly understood. This study aimed to identify arm positions and maneuvers that may risk causing brachial plexopathy during shoulder arthroplasty.

Microgeographic factors and patterns of aeroallergen sensitisation.

Objective: To examine patterns of airborne allergen (aeroallergen) sensitisation in the Greater Sydney area (Sydney), and their relationships with climate, coastal proximity and environment (urban v regional).

Design, Setting, Participants: Retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent aeroallergen skin prick testing at three Sydney allergy clinics, January 2001 - October 2014.

Main Outcome Measurements: Proportions of patients sensitised to specific aeroallergen types; relationships between sensitisation patterns and climate and geography.

Materials in the vitreous during cataract surgery: nature and incidence, with two cases of histological confirmation.

Background: To identify and classify materials in the vitreous observed during phacoemulsification cataract surgery (phaco).

Design: Prospective, consecutive, observational case series at one ophthalmic day surgery in Sydney, Australia.

Participants: A total of 767 consecutive phaco cases.

High-speed cannula detachment into the eye during hydrodissection.

Detachment of a hydrodissection cannula during a phacoemulsification procedure appeared to produce no adverse sequelae during surgery. Day 1 postoperatively, two nonpenetrating hemorrhagic retinal lesions were identified; there was no evidence of posterior capsular perforation. Day 6 postoperatively, the pupil was temporally peaked by a fine vitreous strand running to the main-port incision in the superotemporal cornea.