Publications by authors named "Andrew W Barritt"

Inflammation rapidly reorients motivational state, mood is impaired, pleasurable activities avoided and sensitivity to negative stimuli enhanced. When sustained, this can precipitate major depressive episodes. In humans, this has been linked to opposing actions of inflammation on striatal/insula reward/punishment learning signals while in rodents, motivational impairments can be attenuated with minocycline, implicating a mechanistic role for microglia.

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A 62-year-old man with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis developed progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy (PML) after 6 years on fingolimod. The fingolimod was immediately discontinued and preexisting mirtazepine increased. Three weeks later, with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances worsening and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) JC virus (JCV) titres increasing, maraviroc was introduced.

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Background: brainstem monoaminergic (dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotoninergic) nuclei (BrMn) contain a variety of ascending neurons that diffusely project to the whole brain, crucially regulating normal brain function. BrMn are directly affected in multiple sclerosis (MS) by inflammation and neurodegeneration. Moreover, inflammation reduces the synthesis of monoamines.

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Purpose Of Review: To improve our clinical understanding of facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN).

Recent Findings: We identified 29 new cases and 71 literature cases, resulting in a cohort of 100 patients with FOSMN. During follow-up, cognitive and behavioral changes became apparent in 8 patients, suggesting that changes within the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are a part of the natural history of FOSMN.

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In multiple sclerosis (MS), monoaminergic systems are altered as a result of both inflammation-dependent reduced synthesis and direct structural damage. Aberrant monoaminergic neurotransmission is increasingly considered a major contributor to fatigue pathophysiology. In this study, we aimed to compare the integrity of the monoaminergic white matter fibre tracts projecting from brainstem nuclei in a group of patients with MS (n = 68) and healthy controls (n = 34), and to investigate its association with fatigue.

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Objective markers of disease sensitive to the clinical activity, symptomatic progression, and underlying substrates of neurodegeneration are highly coveted in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in order to more eloquently stratify the highly heterogeneous phenotype and facilitate the discovery of effective disease modifying treatments for patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising, non-invasive biomarker candidate whose acquisition techniques and analysis methods are undergoing constant evolution in the pursuit of parameters which more closely represent biologically-applicable tissue changes. Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI; a form of diffusion imaging), and quantitative Magnetization Transfer Imaging (qMTi) are two such emerging modalities which have each broadened the understanding of other neurological disorders and have the potential to provide new insights into structural alterations initiated by the disease process in ALS.

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Syphilis is a resurgent sexually transmitted infection in the UK that is disproportionately diagnosed in patients living with HIV, particularly in men who have sex with men. Syphilis appears to present differently in patients with HIV, particularly in those with severe immunosuppression. Progression to neurosyphilis is more common in HIV coinfection and can be asymptomatic, often for several years.

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Susac syndrome is a rare condition characterised by the clinical triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusion, and sensorineural hearing loss. Of the few published cases, there is variability with regard to cognitive outcome. We describe the clinical course and neuropsychological performance of a 21-year-old male patient presenting with severe encephalopathy and later developing the full triad fulfilling the diagnosis of Susac syndrome.

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We discuss the assessment and differential diagnoses of a young adult Hungarian man with a 1-year history of a progressive and symmetric amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like syndrome, along with irregular action tremor and stimulus-sensitive myoclonus of the arms. MR scan of the brain showed isolated cerebellar atrophy and formal neuropsychometric testing identified significant subclinical deficits in attention, processing speed and memory. We suspected a form of GM gangliosidosis, and white cell enzyme analysis showed markedly reduced enzymatic activity of β-hexosaminidase A.

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Our report serves to highlight Varicella vasculopathy as a rarity not to be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage.

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We present a rare case of intracranial papillary endothelial hyperplasia, or 'Masson's tumour,' following gamma knife radiosurgery for epilepsy. A 59-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of escalating headaches and progressive neurological deficit. MR scan of brain showed enlargement of an enhancing right temporal lobe lesion, midline shift and obstructive hydrocephalus.

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We present the case of a 16-year-old girl who suffered from repeated episodes of collapse and loss of consciousness which could be provoked by undertaking a stretching manoeuvre comprising a combined breath hold and neck torsion. A review of the literature is provided on other cases of so-called "stretch syncope" which appears to be a rare form of reflex syncope affecting patients in adolescence.

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Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are extracellular matrix molecules whose inhibitory activity is attenuated by the enzyme chondroitinase ABC (ChABC). Here we assess whether CSPG degradation can promote compensatory sprouting of the intact corticospinal tract (CST) following unilateral injury and restore function to the denervated forelimb. Adult C57BL/6 mice underwent unilateral pyramidotomy and treatment with either ChABC or a vehicle control.

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Symptoms of fatigue are often reported by patients in both the acute and chronic stages of recovery following a stroke. It is commonly associated with low mood and sleep disturbances, but can arise in their absence. However, it has also been associated with poorer long-term outcome and, as such, its aetiology warrants a greater understanding.

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Introduction: This is an audit of patient understanding following their consent for orthopaedic procedures and uses information on new Orthoconsent forms endorsed by the British Orthopaedic Association as the set standard. The objectives were to: (i) assess whether patients' understanding of knee arthroscopy (KA) and total knee replacement (TKR) at the point of confirming their consent reaches the set standard; and (ii) to ascertain whether issuing procedure-specific Orthoconsent forms to patients can improve this understanding.

Subjects And Methods: This was a prospective audit using questionnaires consisting of 26 (for KA) or 35 (for TKR) questions based on the appropriate Orthoconsent form in a department of orthopaedic surgery within a UK hospital.

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Introduction: The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess whether handwritten operation reports for hip hemi-arthroplasties adhere to The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSE) guidelines on surgical documentation; (ii) improve adherence to these guidelines with procedure-specific computerised operation reports; and (iii) improve the quality of documentation in surgery.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-three parameters based on RCSE guidelines were used to score hip hemi-arthroplasty operation reports. The first audit cycle was performed retrospectively to assess 50 handwritten operation reports, and the second cycle prospectively to assess 30 new computerised procedure-specific operation reports produced for hip hemi-arthroplasties.

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This report describes a 59-year-old male who developed myasthenia gravis 92 months following excision of an invasive thymoma, in the absence of tumour recurrence. This report highlights the importance of prolonged clinical surveillance in post-thymectomy patients.

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Effective swallowing is an essential part of life and is performed thousands of times per day, often without conscious consideration. Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) commonly arises in stroke patients following ischemia of the cerebral cortex. However, whereas this tends to resolve spontaneously in the majority of patients, a small percentage will be left with a persistent dysphagia, which predisposes to airway compromise and aspiration pneumonia.

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We have developed a pyramidotomy model in mice to lesion the corticospinal tract at the level of the brainstem pyramidal tract, and evaluated the resultant impairments in motor function in a series of behavioural tests. Adult C57BL/6 mice received a unilateral pyramidotomy and a control group of mice underwent sham surgery. We studied the effects of this lesion on forepaw function using five behavioural paradigms, some of which have been widely used in rat studies but have not been fully explored in mice.

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