Reshaping vitreoretinal surgery: Intraoperative optical coherence tomography as a tool for enhancing surgical decision-making in complex cases.

Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) has been applied and studied in a variety of vitreoretinal surgeries for its feasibility, safety, and outcomes for years. Common scenarios include membrane peeling procedures, retinal detachments, choroidal-retinal biopsies, Argus implants, and subretinal injections. iOCT offers the surgeon a better understanding of the retinal microarchitectural changes and timely intraoperative feedback, directing a future view of precision surgery.

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes in Unilateral Coats disease - a Global Collaborative Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in unilateral Coats disease in the era of anti-VEGF therapy.

Design: Global, multicenter, retrospective case series.

Subjects: 656 eyes of 656 subjects with Coats disease were included in this study.

Serial OCT Imaging of Spontaneous Closure of a Pediatric Traumatic Macular Hole.

To describe a case of spontaneous closure of a pediatric traumatic macular hole (MH) using serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. A single case was evaluated. An 8-year-old girl developed a full-thickness MH in the right eye after sustaining blunt trauma from a bungee cord.

Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Retinopathy of Prematurity Care: Challenges and Opportunities.

The diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is primarily image-based and suitable for implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Increasing incidence of ROP, especially in low and middle-income countries, has also put tremendous stress on health care systems. Barriers to the implementation of AI include infrastructure, regulatory, legal, cost, sustainability, and scalability.

Pneumatic displacement of submacular haemorrhage secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Background: To compare the visual and anatomical outcomes of pneumatic displacement (PD) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy versus anti-VEGF monotherapy in treatment-naive eyes with submacular haemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Methods: In a retrospective comparative interventional study of 57 eyes, the changes in logMAR visual acuity (VA), and SMH height and area at baseline at months 1, 3 and 12 were compared between the PD and non-PD groups.

Results: There was no significant difference in mean VA in the PD versus non-PD group at month 12 (1.

Aggressive Onset of a Progressive FEVR Phenotype in a Child With Novel Mutations in and .

To describe a patient with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and the treatment course. A case was evaluated. A 3-year-old boy presented with severe onset of FEVR, with a subhyaloid hemorrhage in 1 eye and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) in the fellow eye.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Echocardiographic Findings in a Predominantly Black Population With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Heart Failure.

Among white rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohorts, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is the most prevalent type of heart failure (HF). We aimed to assess the type of HF affecting Black RA patients. A total of 64 patients with RA-HF were compared with age-, sex-, and race-matched RA patients without HF.

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Experiences During, Awareness of, and Attitudes Toward Research for People With Parkinson Disease.

Background And Objectives: Presentation, progression, and treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) can differ based on sex and gender. However, knowledge on PD is limited by the characteristics of research participants, and most of the participants are men. In this study, we aimed to identify the attitudes toward and barriers to research participation for people with PD (PwP) based on their sexual orientation and gender identity.

Orthopaedic Personal Statement Thematic Review: Does Topic Matter?

Introduction: In the process of applying into medical residency, the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) requires critical documents including a personal statement. Utility of personal statements are questioned based on suspected congruity of the content within personal statements among those who apply into orthopaedic surgery. The goal of this study was to identify and categorize the thematic elements found within the 2021 to 2022 personal statements of orthopaedic surgery applicants at a single institution and assess a correlation to interview invitation.

Cataract Surgery and Cognitive Benefits in the Older Person: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Topic: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to clarify the association of cataract surgery with cognitive impairment and dementia.

Clinical Relevance: The association between vision impairment and cognitive decline is well-established. However, the cognitive benefits of cataract surgery are less clear.

Artificial Intelligence, Digital Imaging, and Robotics Technologies for Surgical Vitreoretinal Diseases.

Objective: To review recent technological advancement in imaging, surgical visualization, robotics technology, and the use of artificial intelligence in surgical vitreoretinal (VR) diseases.

Background: Technological advancements in imaging enhance both preoperative and intraoperative management of surgical VR diseases. Widefield imaging in fundal photography and OCT can improve assessment of peripheral retinal disorders such as retinal detachments, degeneration, and tumors.

SnON based tpod nanostructure for SARS-CoV2 spike protein detection.

The worldwide spreading of severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV2 pandemic, a massive setback to every human being. In response to strategies actions against Covid-19 spreading many detection, prevention, and post-measures are being studied in large capacities. Association of SARS-CoV2 with ACE2 is well acknowledged and used for developing point-of-care detection kits.

LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATION IN FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY IN A TERTIARY REFERRAL CENTER.

Background/purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes and assess genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Methods: Clinical charts of 40 patients with FEVR were reviewed. FEVR was staged per Pendergast and Trese, and retinal dragging and folds further classified per Yaguchi et al.

Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Pediatric Retinal Diseases.

Indirect ophthalmoscopy and handheld retinal imaging are the most common and traditional modalities for the evaluation and documentation of the pediatric fundus, especially for pre-verbal children. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for in vivo visualization that resembles histology, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows for non-invasive depth-resolved imaging of the retinal vasculature. Both OCT and OCTA were extensively used and studied in adults, but not in children.

Efficacy of Smartphone-Based Telescreening for Retinopathy of Prematurity With and Without Artificial Intelligence in India.

Importance: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) telemedicine screening programs have been found to be effective, but they rely on widefield digital fundus imaging (WDFI) cameras, which are expensive, making them less accessible in low- to middle-income countries. Cheaper, smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) systems have been described, but these have a narrower field of view (FOV) and have not been tested in a real-world, operational telemedicine setting.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of SBFI systems compared with WDFI when used by technicians for ROP screening with both artificial intelligence (AI) and human graders.

Trigger Wrist Caused by a Rheumatoid Nodule on the Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon.

Trigger wrist is a rare condition. Previously reported cases have involved nodules or ganglion cysts affecting flexor digitorum profundus tendons; however, we found no reported cases of trigger wrist caused by a rheumatoid nodule on the flexor pollicis longus tendon. A 57-year-old female presented with the complaint of chronic triggering of the right thumb and numbness in her fingers consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Among Predominantly Black Gout Patients.

Introduction: Although the association between gout and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied, scarce data are available for the Black population. We aimed to assess the association between gout and CVD in a predominantly Black urban population with gout.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed between a gout cohort and an age-/sex-matched control group.

Systematic Review of Ligament Reconstruction of Traumatic Isolated Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Dislocation.

Introduction: Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations are rare with minimal agreement on surgical management. The dorsoradial ligament (DRL) is the primary joint stabilizer but has not historically been reconstructed. We hypothesize that the reported reconstruction of first CMC joint dislocations primarily uses the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) without collective agreement on a surgical technique.

Anatomic and Biomechanical Study of Thumb Carpometacarpal Dislocations: A Laboratory Study.

Background: No previous study recreating an isolated thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) dislocation with or without suture augmentation has been performed in the laboratory. This investigation aimed to evaluate the mechanism and ligamentous complex of isolated thumb CMC dislocations.

Methods: Biomechanical analysis was performed in 10 cadaveric specimens.

Endophthalmitis: Case Series and Literature Review.

endophthalmitis is an uncommon intraocular infection with potentially visually devastating consequences. endophthalmitis have been reported following cataract surgery, trauma, intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and dexamethasone implant. We report four cases of postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract extraction (three patients) and combined pars plana vitrectomy and cataract extraction (one patient).

Survey of Ophthalmology Training Experiences Among Young Ophthalmologists in the Asia-Pacific.

Purpose: To describe ophthalmology training experiences across the Asia-Pacific (APAC).

Design: Survey study.

Methods: We utilized an anonymous online survey, which was previously validated and conducted in Europe, through Young Ophthalmologist leaders from the national member societies of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology (APAO) from September 2019 to July 2021.

A Real-Time EMG-Based Fixed-Bandwidth Frequency-Domain Embedded System for Robotic Hand.

The signals from electromyography (EMG) have been used for volitional control of robotic assistive devices with the challenges of performance improvement. Currently, the most common method of EMG signal processing for robot control is RMS (root mean square)-based algorithm, but system performance accuracy can be affected by noise or artifacts. This study hypothesized that the frequency bandwidths of noise and artifacts are beyond the main EMG signal frequency bandwidth, hence the fixed-bandwidth frequency-domain signal processing methods can filter off the noise and artifacts only by processing the main frequency bandwidth of EMG signals for robot control.

Gene-Based Therapeutics for Inherited Retinal Diseases.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a heterogenous group of orphan eye diseases that typically result from monogenic mutations and are considered attractive targets for gene-based therapeutics. Following the approval of an IRD gene replacement therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis due to mutations, there has been an intensive international research effort to identify the optimal gene therapy approaches for a range of IRDs and many are now undergoing clinical trials. In this review we explore therapeutic challenges posed by IRDs and review current and future approaches that may be applicable to different subsets of IRD mutations.

Gene-Based Therapeutics for Acquired Retinal Disease: Opportunities and Progress.

Acquired retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy rank among the leading causes of blindness and visual loss worldwide. Effective treatments for these conditions are available, but often have a high treatment burden, and poor compliance can lead to disappointing real-world outcomes. Development of new treatment strategies that provide more durable treatment effects could help to address some of these unmet needs.

Assessment and management of retinopathy of prematurity in the era of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) continues to rise due to the improved survival of very low birth weight infants in developed countries. This epidemic is also fueled by increased survival of preterm babies with variable use of oxygen and a lack of ROP awareness and screening services in resource-limited regions. Improvements in technology and a basic understanding of the disease pathophysiology have changed the way we screen and manage ROP, educate providers and patients, and improve ROP awareness.