Use of a Modified Delphi Process to Define the Leadership Characteristics Expected of Pharmacy Faculty Members.

To reach a consensus on a working definition for leadership and identify expectations for leadership among all pharmacy faculty members. A modified Delphi process was employed to establish consensus among experienced department and division chairs regarding the definition and expectations of faculty leadership to guide faculty evaluation and development. From the AACP faculty roster, 280 department and division chairs were surveyed to identify participants with at least five years of experience in their roles and willingness to participate.

Inviting manuscripts to Leadership Experience and Development Reports (LEADeR).

The Journal announces a new section called "Leadership Experience and Development Reports" within our Short Communications manuscript category. Manuscripts in this section seek to share scholarly activities and experiences within the area of leadership development that are rooted in a leadership framework, model, or theory. Submissions can include work related to student pharmacists, pharmacy residents, fellows, graduate students and faculty/staff development.

Identifying student learning competencies for urban underserved practice using a Delphi process.

Introduction: The pharmacy profession has a growing opportunity to provide high-quality patient care to urban underserved patients. The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) has also recognized the necessity of training pharmacy students to care for underserved patients within Standard 3.5 in Standards 2016.

Editors' Perspectives on Enhancing Manuscript Quality and Editorial Decisions Through Peer Review and Reviewer Development.

To identify peer reviewer and peer review characteristics that enhance manuscript quality and editorial decisions, and to identify valuable elements of peer reviewer training programs. A three-school, 15-year review of pharmacy practice and pharmacy administration faculty's publications was conducted to identify high-publication volume journals for inclusion. Editors-in-chief identified all editors managing manuscripts for participation.

Competencies for student leadership development in doctor of pharmacy curricula to assist curriculum committees and leadership instructors.

Objective: To assist curriculum committees and leadership instructors by gathering expert opinion to define student leadership development competencies for pharmacy curricula.

Methods: Twenty-six leadership instructors participated in a 3-round, online, modified Delphi process to define competencies for student leadership development in pharmacy curricula. Round 1 asked open-ended questions about leadership knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

Guiding principles for student leadership development in the doctor of pharmacy program to assist administrators and faculty members in implementing or refining curricula.

Objective: To assist administrators and faculty members in colleges and schools of pharmacy by gathering expert opinion to frame, direct, and support investments in student leadership development.

Methods: Twenty-six leadership instructors participated in a 3-round, online, modified Delphi process to define doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) student leadership instruction. Round 1 asked open-ended questions about leadership knowledge, skills, and attitudes to begin the generation of student leadership development guiding principles and competencies.

Investigating student pharmacist perceptions of professional engagement using a modified Delphi process.

Objective: To develop a definition of professional engagement, a list of professionally engaging and disengaging activities, and characteristics of those activities.

Methods: A 2-round modified Delphi process was conducted using student pharmacists. The first round captured input while the second assessed agreement using a 5-point Likert scale.

College of pharmacy-based medication therapy management program for a university system.

Objective: To document and evaluate the design and operation of a medication therapy management (MTM) benefit and associated MTM clinic developed by the University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy as a covered health plan benefit for University of Minnesota, Duluth (UMD) employees, early retirees, and their dependents.

Setting: Office-based, nondispensing pharmacy at UMD.

Practice Description: College of Pharmacy, Duluth faculty developed and provided MTM services as a covered health benefit for UMD beneficiaries.

Pharmacotherapy of fibromyalgia.

Purpose: Published evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of fibromyalgia is reviewed, with an emphasis on recent clinical trials of various pharmacologic agents.

Summary: Fibromyalgia affects an estimated 2% of the general U.S.

Refinement of strengths instruction in a pharmacy curriculum over eight years.

Objective: To develop, refine, and integrate introductory-level strengths instruction within a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum.

Design: Over 8 years, student pharmacists completed the StrengthsFinder assessment tool and identified their top 5 Signature Themes (talents). They then participated in either Web-based learning modules or live workshops designed to facilitate professional development.

Preparing pharmacy graduates for traditional and emerging career opportunities.

Educational programs in pharmacy must focus on educating pharmacists of the future who are prepared to serve as competent and confident health care "providers" whose "practice" can occur in any number of current and future settings; and whose expertise is essential to an interprofessional health care team. Graduates must be able to incorporate a scholarly approach to their practice in identifying patient care problems; practicing in an evidence-based manner; and ensuring safe, effective, and appropriate use of medications. It is time for colleges and schools of pharmacy to implement contemporary teaching and assessment strategies that facilitate effective and efficient student learning that is focused at the graduate professional level, to evolve the content around which the curriculum is organized, and clearly articulate the abilities graduates must have to function effectively in the myriad professional roles in which they may find themselves.

Using personal strengths with intention in pharmacy: implications for pharmacists, managers, and leaders.

Background: The importance of allowing individuals to use their strengths in a work environment has been articulated through research focused on general audiences as well as by thought leaders within pharmacy. In particular, the work of Gallup has described how organizations that foster an environment in which employees frequently use their strengths achieve increased productivity, customer and employee satisfaction, and improved success at meeting goals. Despite acknowledging the importance of such an environment, little has been articulated in the pharmacy literature regarding how pharmacists can identify and apply their unique strengths within their profession.

Student leadership retreat focusing on a commitment to excellence.

Objective: To design and evaluate a student leadership retreat focused on: leadership regardless of position or title, the need for passionate commitment to excellence, the importance of teamwork, and the value of self-reflection.

Design: Students in their second, third, and fourth year of a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program were invited to participate in an off-campus leadership retreat that combined organized learning activities and social/networking opportunities. Retreat content utilized didactic, experiential, and self-directed learning activities.

A pharmacy course on leadership and leading change.

Objective: To develop and implement a course that develops pharmacy students' leadership skills and encourages them to become leaders within the profession.

Design: A leadership course series was offered to pharmacy students on 2 campuses. The series incorporated didactic, experiential, and self-directed learning activities, and focused on developing core leadership skills, self-awareness, and awareness of the process for leading change.

Student pharmacist perspectives of rural pharmacy practice.

Objective: To evaluate the level of interest of upper-level doctor of pharmacy students in rural pharmacy practice, rural pharmacy ownership, and a proposed rural pharmacy practice model.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota in October through December 2003.

Assessing risk for loss of rural pharmacy services in Minnesota.

Objective: To quantify rural communities' risks for losing access to local pharmacy services using a newly developed risk-assessment tool.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Minnesota in June through August 2003.