Lingual Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma in a 78-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of the Literature from 1952 to 2022.

Background: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare translocation-related soft tissue sarcoma, occurring mainly in the limbs and trunk in young adults and adolescents. ASPS is rarely seen in the head and neck and one fourth of those cases described are tongue primary. Given its nonspecific symptoms, clinical findings, and rarity in this location, lingual ASPS (L-ASPS) has been reported to be commonly misdiagnosed as various benign tumors, leading to adverse outcomes.

Molecular Functions of Hydrogen Sulfide in Cancer.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gasotransmitter that exerts a multitude of functions in both physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. HS-synthesizing enzymes are increased in a variety of human malignancies, including colon, prostate, breast, renal, urothelial, ovarian, oral squamous cell, and thyroid cancers. In cancer, HS promotes tumor growth, cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetics, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, tumor blood flow, metastasis, epithelia-mesenchymal transition, DNA repair, protein sulfhydration, and chemotherapy resistance Additionally, in some malignancies, increased HS-synthesizing enzyme expression correlates with a worse prognosis and a higher tumor stage.

Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase Is Increased in Osteosarcomas and Chondrosarcomas Compared to Benign Bone and Cartilage.

Background/aim: Primary bone neoplasms include osteosarcomas (OS), chondrosarcomas (CS), and giant cell tumors (GCT). Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthesis and is increased in multiple tumor types. In malignancies, NAMPT expression often correlates positively with tumor grade, chemotherapy resistance, and metastatic potential.

The Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein kinase regulates cellular hydrogen sulfide concentrations.

The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) serine/threonine kinase plays a central role in the repair of replication-associated DNA damage, the maintenance of S and G2/M-phase genomic stability, and the promotion of faithful mitotic chromosomal segregation. A number of stimuli activate ATR, including persistent single-stranded DNA at stalled replication folks, R loop formation, hypoxia, ultraviolet light, and oxidative stress, leading to ATR-mediated protein phosphorylation. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (HS), an endogenous gasotransmitter, has been found to regulate multiple cellular processes through complex redox reactions under similar cell stress environments.

Soft Tissue Reconstruction for Head and Neck Ablative Defects.

Soft tissue reconstruction of head and neck ablative defects is a broad, challenging, and subjective topic. The authors outline goals to keep in mind when deciding on a primary reconstructive option for defects created by oncologic resection. Factors considered in local, regional, and distant flap selection are discussed.

Cystathione β-Synthase Is Increased in Thyroid Malignancies.

Background: Cystathione β-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the conversion of homocysteine and cysteine to hydrogen sulfide (HS) and cystathione, via the trans-sulfuration pathway. CBS protein expression levels are increased in several different human malignancies, with increased protein expression correlating with parameters such as tumor stage, anaplasia, metastases, and chemotherapy resistance.

Materials And Methods: This study employed tissue microarrays to examine CBS expression in benign thyroid tissue, thyroid oncocytomas, thyroid follicular adenomas, and in follicular, papillary, anaplastic, and medullary thyroid carcinomas.

Hydrogen Sulfide Is Increased in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Compared to Adjacent Benign Oral Mucosae.

Background/aim: Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and the enzymes that synthesize it, cystathionine-b-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate, are increased in different human malignancies. Due to its short half-life, HS concentrations have not been directly measured in a human malignancy. Here we directly measured in vivo HS levels within oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Is the Three-Dimensional Strut Plate an Adequate Fixation Technique for Mandibular Symphysis Fractures?

Purpose: We present a series of cases of mandibular symphysis fractures treated at our institution with a 3-dimensional strut plate. The aim of the present study was to confirm the stability of this fixation technique and discuss its advantages, disadvantages, and potential complications.

Patients And Methods: We designed and implemented a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent surgery by the same surgeon at our institution from July 2012 to April 2014 for a mandible fracture with a symphysis component.