How temperature-dependent silicate weathering acts as Earth's geological thermostat.

Earth's climate may be stabilized over millennia by solubilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) as minerals weather, but the temperature sensitivity of this thermostat is poorly understood. We discovered that the temperature dependence of weathering expressed as an activation energy increases from laboratory to watershed as transport, clay precipitation, disaggregation, and fracturing increasingly couple to dissolution. A simple upscaling to the global system indicates that the temperature dependence decreases to ~22 kilojoules per mole because (i) the lack of runoff limits weathering and retains base metal cations on half the land surface and (ii) other landscapes are regolith-shielded and show little weathering response to temperature.

An R package for correcting continuous water quality monitoring data for drift.

Continuous water quality monitoring ins- truments are used to understand the chemical and physical behaviors of aquatic environments over time. However, the data generated from these instruments are susceptible to inaccuracies due to drift that can occur between site visits. While there are several software packages available to correct drift in water quality data, these packages are often proprietary, expensive, and/or do not offer the user control over the data corrections.