Randomized controlled trial of prepregnancy lifestyle intervention to reduce recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Preconception lifestyle intervention holds potential for reducing gestational diabetes mellitus, but clinical trial data are lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of a prepregnancy weight loss intervention on gestational diabetes mellitus recurrence in women with overweight/obesity and previous gestational diabetes mellitus.

Study Design: A 2-site, randomized controlled trial comparing a prepregnancy lifestyle intervention with educational control was conducted between December 2017 and February 2022.

High prevalence, low identification and screening tools of hospital malnutrition in critically- ill patients in Malawi.

Background/objectives: In Africa, approximately two-thirds of patients are at risk of malnutrition on admission and the nutritional status of patients deteriorates during hospitalization, with associated increased morbidity, mortality, and hospital-related cost. This cross-sectional study aimed at estimating rates of malnutrition in critical care units and determining the extent to which malnutrition diagnoses are documented in medical records by physicians, at two public tertiary hospitals in Malawi.

Methods: A total of 315 adult (n = 112) and paediatric (n = 203) participants from Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital and Kamuzu Central Hospital, were included in the analysis.

Metabolites involved in purine degradation, insulin resistance, and fatty acid oxidation are associated with prediction of Gestational diabetes in plasma.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly increases maternal and fetal health risks, but factors predictive of GDM are poorly understood.

Objectives: Plasma metabolomics analyses were conducted in early pregnancy to identify potential metabolites associated with prediction of GDM.

Methods: Sixty-eight pregnant women with overweight/obesity from a clinical trial of a lifestyle intervention were included.

COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home mandates promote weight gain in US adults.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the effect of state stay-at-home mandates on weight of US adults by BMI over 3 months during COVID-19.

Methods: US adults completed an online questionnaire containing demographics, weight, physical activity, sedentary time, fruit/vegetable intake, depressive symptoms, stress, and sleep at baseline (May 2020) and after 3 months (August 2020).

Results: Participants gained 0.

Nutrition Screening, Reported Dietary Intake, Hospital Foods, and Malnutrition in Critical Care Patients in Malawi.

In low-income countries there are few data on hospital malnutrition. Reduced food intake combined with nutrient-poor foods served in hospitals contribute to nutritional risk. This study investigated whether reported dietary intake and disease state of hospitalized adults in critical care units was related to malnutrition determined by mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC).

Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of pre-pregnancy lifestyle intervention to reduce recurrence of gestational diabetes: Gestational Diabetes Prevention/Prevención de la Diabetes Gestacional.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with several maternal complications in pregnancy, including preeclampsia, preterm labor, need for induction of labor, and cesarean delivery as well as increased long-term risks of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Intrauterine exposure to GDM raises the risk for complications in offspring as well, including stillbirth, macrosomia, and birth trauma, and long-term risk of metabolic disease. One of the strongest risk factors for GDM is the occurrence of GDM in a prior pregnancy.

Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial examining oral administration of bisphenol A on hepatic glucose production and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in adults.

Previous observational studies have shown that the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with type 2 diabetes, but few studies have examined direct effects of BPA on human health. The purpose of this study is to determine whether orally administered BPA at the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) safe dose of 50 μg/kg body weight has an adverse effect on hepatic glucose production and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Forty, non-habitually active, healthy adults of normal weight will be enrolled.

Ripple Effect of Lifestyle Interventions During Pregnancy on Untreated Partners' Weight.

Objective: Weight-loss interventions have a positive "ripple effect" on untreated partners' weight, but ripple effects in pregnancy are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether prenatal lifestyle interventions that reduce gestational weight gain in pregnant women have a positive ripple effect on untreated partners' weight.

Methods: Two clinical trials with the same outcome measures randomly assigned pregnant women to a lifestyle intervention or usual care.

Pilot Study on the Effect of Orally Administered Bisphenol A on Glucose and Insulin Response in Nonobese Adults.

Objective: To determine the effects of varying doses of orally administered BPA on indices of glucose metabolism.

Methods: Eleven college students (21.0 ± 0.

Does Partial Meal Replacement During Pregnancy Reduce 12-Month Postpartum Weight Retention?

Objective: This randomized trial tested whether a behavioral intervention with meal replacements in pregnancy could increase the proportion of women who returned to prepregnancy weight and reduce postpartum weight retention by 12 months after delivery.

Methods: Women (N = 264; 13.7 weeks' gestation) with overweight or obesity were randomly assigned to usual care or intervention.

Effect of Nutritional Interventions on Micronutrient Status in Pregnant Malawian Women with Moderate Malnutrition: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy are common in Africa and can cause adverse outcomes. The objective was to measure micronutrient status and change in moderately malnourished pregnant Malawian women randomized to one of three nutritional interventions. Serum vitamin B, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, folate, retinol, ferritin, zinc, albumin and C-reactive protein were measured in pregnant women with MUAC ≥20.

Randomized controlled clinical trial of behavioral lifestyle intervention with partial meal replacement to reduce excessive gestational weight gain.

Background: Behavioral lifestyle interventions during pregnancy can prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) in women with normal weight; however, effective interventions to reduce GWG in ethnically diverse women with obesity are lacking.

Objective: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to test whether a behavioral lifestyle intervention with partial meal replacement reduces GWG rate in Hispanic and non-Hispanic women with overweight or obesity relative to enhanced usual care.

Design: Participants (n = 257) were recruited in San Luis Obispo, California, and Providence, Rhode Island, between November 2012 and May 2016.

Food consumption increases cell proliferation in the python brain.

Pythons are model organisms for investigating physiological responses to food intake. While systemic growth in response to food consumption is well documented, what occurs in the brain is currently unexplored. In this study, male ball pythons () were used to test the hypothesis that food consumption stimulates cell proliferation in the brain.

Associations between bottle-feeding intensity and maternal encouragement of bottle-emptying.

Objective: To explore longitudinal associations between bottle-feeding and maternal encouragement of infant bottle-emptying during the first 6 months of infancy.

Design: Mothers completed questionnaires during the third trimester of pregnancy, then monthly during the first 6 months postpartum. Questionnaires assessed family demographics, maternal and infant weight status, infant feeding patterns and maternal encouragement of infant bottle-emptying.

Acculturation Influences Postpartum Eating, Activity, and Weight Retention in Low-Income Hispanic Women.

Background: Low-income Hispanic women experience elevated rates of high postpartum weight retention (PPWR), which is an independent risk factor for lifetime obesity. Sociocultural factors might play an important role among Hispanic women; however, very few studies have examined this association.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to examine the associations between acculturation and maternal diet, physical activity, and PPWR.

Trial of ready-to-use supplemental food and corn-soy blend in pregnant Malawian women with moderate malnutrition: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Malnutrition during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with poor birth outcomes.

Objective: This study compared maternal and offspring anthropometry for moderately malnourished pregnant women receiving ready-to-use supplemental food (RUSF), a fortified corn-soy blend (CSB+) with a daily multiple micronutrient antenatal supplement [United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Preparation (UNIMMAP)], or standard of care comprising CSB+ and iron and folic acid (IFA).

Design: A single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in southern Malawi among 1828 pregnant women with moderate malnutrition, defined as a midupper arm circumference (MUAC) ≥20.

Effect of an Internet-Based Program on Weight Loss for Low-Income Postpartum Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Postpartum weight retention increases lifetime risk of obesity and related morbidity. Few effective interventions exist for multicultural, low-income women.

Objective: To test whether an internet-based weight loss program in addition to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC program) for low-income postpartum women could produce greater weight loss than the WIC program alone over 12 months.

Randomized Intervention Trial to Decrease Bisphenol A Urine Concentrations in Women: Pilot Study.

Background: Previous studies have shown that women have higher concentrations of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), but an intervention to reduce BPA is lacking in women. To test the hypothesis that an intervention to reduce BPA would decrease urinary BPA concentrations over 3 weeks, 24 women (mean ± standard deviation [SD]; 22.1 ± 2.

'Fit Moms/Mamás Activas' internet-based weight control program with group support to reduce postpartum weight retention in low-income women: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: High postpartum weight retention is a strong independent risk factor for lifetime obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes in women. Interventions to promote postpartum weight loss have met with some success but have been limited by high attrition. Internet-based treatment has the potential to overcome this barrier and reduce postpartum weight retention, but no study has evaluated the effects of an internet-based program to prevent high postpartum weight retention in women.

Does behavioral intervention in pregnancy reduce postpartum weight retention? Twelve-month outcomes of the Fit for Delivery randomized trial.

Background: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is a risk factor for postpartum weight retention and future weight gain and obesity. Whether a behavioral intervention in pregnancy can reduce long-term weight retention is unknown.

Objective: This randomized trial tested whether a low-intensity behavioral intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain could increase the proportion of women who returned to prepregnancy weight by 12 mo postpartum.

A comparison of the effects of a high carbohydrate vs. a higher protein milk supplement following simulated mountain skirmishes.

This study compared the effects of a higher protein supplement manufactured from milk vs. a commercially available higher carbohydrate supplement on serum markers of muscle damage, anaerobic exercise, choice reaction time, and body composition during 2 weekends of vigorous hikes with simulated mountain skirmishes. Thirty-five university students, including Reserve Officers Training Corps cadets and athletes, carried 25% of their body weight (up to 26.

Maternal behaviors during pregnancy impact offspring obesity risk.

This study investigated the effects of maternal changes during pregnancy in diet, exercise, and psychosocial factors on offspring weight parameters at birth and 6 months. In overweight/obese (OW/OB; n = 132) mothers, greater % kcal from sweets early in pregnancy was the strongest, independent predictor of higher weight for age (WFA) (beta = 0.19; P = 0.

Practitioner advice and gestational weight gain.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate receipt of gestational weight gain advice in prenatal care and ideal and expected gestational weight gain outcomes for normal weight and overweight/obese women.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of normal weight (n = 203) and overweight/obese (n = 198) women in early (<16 weeks) pregnancy.

Results: Less than half of participants (41.