Effective thermal management is crucial for the performance and longevity of devices such as computer chips and batteries. A fundamental challenge in this field is accurately determining temperature distributions, which are often limited by incomplete observations. We introduce a neural-network-based approach to overcome these challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate US active duty (AD) military members diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the temporal trends of systemic anticoagulation (AC). Our secondary objective is to study the AC prescriptions in AD military members diagnosed with AF and associated military dispositions and deployment rates.
Design And Setting: A retrospective investigation of Tricare pharmacy AC prescriptions within the San Antonio Military Health System from January 2004 to July 2019 for AD individuals diagnosed with AF was performed.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom
July 2022
Rationale: Sampling of dentine for stable carbon (δ C) and nitrogen (δ N) isotope ratios in the direction of tooth growth allows the study of temporal changes to the diet and physiological stress of an individual during tooth formation. Current methods of sampling permanent teeth using 1 mm increments provide temporal resolution of 6-9 months at best depending on the tooth chosen. Although this gives sufficient sample sizes for reliable analysis by mass spectrometry, sectioning the dentine across the incremental structures results in a rolling average of the isotope ratios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia that impacts deployment and retention rates for United States military pilots. This study aims to characterize United States active duty (AD) pilots with AF and review deployment and retention rates associated with medical and ablative therapies.
Methods: An observational analysis was performed to assess AD pilots diagnosed with AF in the largest military regional healthcare system from 2004 to 2019.
Objective: There has been a debate as to the alignment of the collagen fibers. Using a hand lens, Sir William Hunter demonstrated that the collagen fibers ran perpendicular and later aspects were supported by Benninghoff. Despite these 2 historical studies, modern technology has conflicting data on the collagen alignment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimary cardiac tumors are exceedingly rare with variable clinical manifestations. This case involves a patient presentation of symptomatic complete heart block and cardiac imaging revealing a right atrial mass invading the myocardium consistent with Burkitt lymphoma on histopathology. The patient received definitive bradytherapy with a pacemaker and chemotherapy for the primary cardiac lymphoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a high acuity diagnosis that requires prompt recognition and developed system responses to reduce morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of literature describing active duty (AD) military personnel with STEMI syndromes at military treatment facilities (MTFs). This study aims to describe AD military members with STEMI diagnoses, military treatment facility management, and subsequent military dispositions observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Murambi Genocide Memorial Centre is one of the major centres in Rwanda that commemorate the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Seventeen months after the genocide, about 1000 excavated human remains were put on display in Murambi Technical School. Repeated efforts were made to desiccate the human remains with lime for educational reasons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper presents the first multi-tissue study of diet in post-medieval London using both the stable light isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen and analysis of microdebris in dental calculus. Dietary intake was explored over short and long timescales. Bulk bone collagen was analysed from humans from the Queen's Chapel of the Savoy (QCS) ( = 66) and the St Barnabas/St Mary Abbots (SB) ( = 25).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstablishing the age at which prehistoric individuals move away from their childhood residential location holds crucial information about the socio dynamics and mobility patterns in ancient societies. We present a novel combination of strontium isotope analyses performed on the over 3000 year old "Skrydstrup Woman" from Denmark, for whom we compiled a highly detailed month-scale model of her migration timeline. When combined with physical anthropological analyses this timeline can be related to the chronological age at which the residential location changed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Performing eye examinations is an important clinical skill that medical students often find difficult to become proficient in. This paper describes the development and evaluation of an innovative 3D virtual reality (VR) training application to support learning these skills.
Methods: The VR ophthalmoscope was developed by a clinical team and technologist using the unity game engine, smartphone and virtual reality headset.
Over 500 victims of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) were buried in the cemetery of La Carcavilla (Palencia, Spain). White material, observed in several burials, was analyzed with Raman spectroscopy and powder XRD, and confirmed to be lime. Archaeological findings at La Carcavilla's cemetery show that the application of lime was used in an organized way, mostly associated with coffinless interments of victims of Francoist repression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman identification from biological material is largely dependent on the ability to characterize genetic polymorphisms in DNA. Unfortunately, DNA can degrade in the environment, sometimes below the level at which it can be amplified by PCR. Protein however is chemically more robust than DNA and can persist for longer periods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFShamanic belief systems represent the first form of religious practice visible within the global archaeological record. Here we report on the earliest known evidence of shamanic costume: modified red deer crania headdresses from the Early Holocene site of Star Carr (c. 11 kya).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
November 2015
Dehydrocoupling reactions between the boranes HBpin and 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and a range of amines and anilines ensue under very mild reaction conditions in the presence of a simple β-diketiminato magnesium n-butyl precatalyst.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAncient human mobility at the individual level is conventionally studied by the diverse application of suitable techniques (e.g. aDNA, radiogenic strontium isotopes, as well as oxygen and lead isotopes) to either hard and/or soft tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent studies have reported that quantifying symphyseal and auricular surface curvature changes on 3D models acquired by laser scanners has a potential for age estimation. However, no tests have been carried out to evaluate the repeatability of the results between different laser scanners. 3D models of the two pelvic joints were generated using three laser scanners (Custom, Faro, and Minolta).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContradictions and misconceptions regarding the effect of lime on the decay of human remains have demonstrated the need for more research into the effect of different types of lime on cadaver decomposition. This study follows previous research by the authors who have investigated the effect of lime on the decomposition of human remains in burial environments. A further three pig carcasses (Sus scrofa), used as human body analogues, were observed and monitored for 78 days without lime, with hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) and with quicklime (CaO) in the taphonomy laboratory at the University of Bradford.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn increased number of police enquiries involving human remains buried with lime have demonstrated the need for more research into the effect of different types of lime on cadaver decomposition and its micro-environment. This study follows previous studies by the authors who have investigated the effects of lime on the decay of human remains in laboratory conditions and 6 months of field experiments. Six pig carcasses (Sus scrofa), used as human body analogues, were buried without lime with hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) and quicklime (CaO) in shallow graves in sandy-loam soil in Belgium and recovered after 17 and 42 months of burial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
August 2013
Examination of three frozen bodies, a 13-y-old girl and a girl and boy aged 4 to 5 y, separately entombed near the Andean summit of Volcán Llullaillaco, Argentina, sheds new light on human sacrifice as a central part of the Imperial Inca capacocha rite, described by chroniclers writing after the Spanish conquest. The high-resolution diachronic data presented here, obtained directly from scalp hair, implies escalating coca and alcohol ingestion in the lead-up to death. These data, combined with archaeological and radiological evidence, deepen our understanding of the circumstances and context of final placement on the mountain top.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis article reports on the use of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) for forensic geotaphonomy application. Gravesoil samples were collected at various depths and analyzed for their volatile organic compound (VOC) profile. A data processing procedure was developed to highlight potential candidate marker molecules related to the decomposition process that could be isolated from the soil matrix.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent casework in Belgium involving the search for human remains buried with lime, demonstrated the need for more detailed understanding of the effect of different types of lime on cadaver decomposition and its micro-environment. Six pigs (Sus scrofa) were used as body analogues in field experiments. They were buried without lime, with hydrated lime (Ca(OH)(2)) and with quicklime (CaO) in shallow graves in sandy loam soil in Belgium and recovered after 6 months of burial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKeratinous tissues such as nail, hair, horn, scales and feather have been used as a source of DNA for over 20 years. Particular benefits of such tissues include the ease with which they can be sampled, the relative stability of DNA in such tissues once sampled, and, in the context of ancient genetic analyses, the fact that sampling generally causes minimal visual damage to valuable specimens. Even when freshly sampled, however, the DNA quantity and quality in the fully keratinized parts of such tissues is extremely poor in comparison to other tissues such as blood and muscle - although little systematic research has been undertaken to characterize how such degradation may relate to sample source.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe susceptibility of RNA to enzymatic degradation has been considered as a tool to estimate time-since-death in forensic samples, and it has previously been demonstrated that the choice of tissue is an important factor. In this study we have extracted RNA from decaying bone and bone marrow under the hypothesis that the delayed onset of putrefaction may render them a useful source in this context. In a preliminary study, total RNA was extracted from bone and bone marrow that had been sampled from six skeletally mature rabbits at time points between zero and 31 days after death.
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