Cryptosporidium uses CSpV1 to activate host type I interferon and attenuate antiparasitic defenses.

Cryptosporidium infects gastrointestinal epithelium and is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea and diarrheal-related death in children worldwide. There are no vaccines and no fully effective therapy available for the infection. Type II and III interferon (IFN) responses are important determinants of susceptibility to infection but the role for type I IFN response remains obscure.

Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleed Due to Small Bowel Vascular Malformation in a Patient with Turner Syndrome Diagnosed with Surgically Assisted Push Enteroscopy.

BACKGROUND Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding accounts for approximately 5% of all cases of gastrointestinal bleeding and the most frequent site is the small bowel. Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder of the second X chromosome in females. The association between gastrointestinal vascular malformations and Turner syndrome has been described in some case reports.