Inversions contribute disproportionately to parallel genomic divergence in dune sunflowers.

The probability of parallel genetic evolution is a function of the strength of selection and constraints imposed by genetic architecture. Inversions capture locally adapted alleles and suppress recombination between them, which limits the range of adaptive responses. In addition, the combined phenotypic effect of alleles within inversions is likely to be greater than that of individual alleles; this should further increase the contributions of inversions to parallel evolution.

The genetic architecture of repeated local adaptation to climate in distantly related plants.

Closely related species often use the same genes to adapt to similar environments. However, we know little about why such genes possess increased adaptive potential and whether this is conserved across deeper evolutionary lineages. Adaptation to climate presents a natural laboratory to test these ideas, as even distantly related species must contend with similar stresses.

Daily exposure to chlordecone, an organochlorine pesticide, increases cardiac fibrosis and atrial fibrillation vulnerability.

Context: Chlordecone (CLD) is a carcinogenic organochlorine pesticide. CLD was shown to disturb the activity of cardiac Na-K-ATPase and Ca-Mg-ATPase. Conditions affecting these transmembrane pumps are often associated with cardiac arrhythmias (CA).

Plant genome evolution in the genus is driven by structural rearrangements that promote sequence divergence.

Genomes have a highly organized architecture (nonrandom organization of functional and nonfunctional genetic elements within chromosomes) that is essential for many biological functions, particularly gene expression and reproduction. Despite the need to conserve genome architecture, a high level of structural variation has been observed within species. As species separate and diverge, genome architecture also diverges, becoming increasingly poorly conserved as divergence time increases.

Sexual Sanctification and Relationship Satisfaction in Black Heterosexual Couples.

This study examines dyadic data from 299 married and 242 cohabiting Black heterosexual couples in the United States (an understudied cross-section of the population) and assesses individual (actor) effects as well as couple (partner) effects of sexual sanctification and relationship satisfaction. Higher levels of sexual sanctification were associated with higher levels of relationship satisfaction for women and men in the actor effects, but no significant associations were found in the partner effects for couples. Additionally, initial findings suggest that sexual sanctification may act as a relational protective factor for Black married and cohabiting couples.

Fungi increases kelp (Ecklonia radiata) remineralisation and dissolved organic carbon, alkalinity, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) production.

Fungi are key players in terrestrial organic matter (OM) degradation, but little is known about their role in marine environments. Here we compared the degradation of kelp (Ecklonia radiata) in mesocosms with and without fungicides over 45 days. The aim was to improve our understanding of the vital role of fungal OM degradation and remineralisation and its relevance to marine biogeochemical cycles (e.

Relational sanctification, communal coping, and depression among African American couples.

Despite the common use of religious buffers, African Americans are disproportionately affected by depressive symptoms. Communal coping may serve as one factor in helping religious African American couples alleviate the symptoms of depression. This study examines the association between relational sanctification and depressive symptoms as mediated by the communal coping of 467 African American married and cohabiting couples.

Calcium Carbonate Prenucleation Cluster Pathway Observed via In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering.

For more than 150 years, our understanding of solid-phase mineral formation from dissolved constituent ions in aqueous environments has been dominated by classical nucleation theory (CNT). However, an alternative paradigm known as non-classical nucleation theory (NCNT), characterized by the existence of thermodynamically stable and highly hydrated ionic "prenucleation clusters" (PNCs), is increasingly invoked to explain mineral nucleation, including the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO) minerals in aqueous conditions, which is important in a wide range of geological and biological systems. While the existence and role of PNCs in aqueous nucleation processes remain hotly debated, we show, using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), that nanometer-sized clusters are present in aqueous CaCO solutions ranging from thermodynamically under- to supersaturated conditions regarding all known mineral phases, thus demonstrating that CaCO mineral formation cannot be explained solely by CNT under the conditions examined.

Improving the Measurement of Iron(III) Bioavailability in Freshwater Samples: Methods and Performance.

The toxicity of iron(III) in fresh waters has been detected at concentrations above the iron solubility limit, indicating a contribution of colloidal and particulate forms of iron(III) to the toxicity response. Current water quality guideline values for iron in fresh water are based on analytical determinations of filterable or total iron. Filtration, however, can underestimate bioavailable iron by retaining some of the colloidal fraction, and total determinations overestimate bioavailable iron measurements by recovering fractions of low bioavailability from suspended solids (e.

Reactive oxygen species in the world ocean and their impacts on marine ecosystems.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are omnipresent in the ocean, originating from both biological (e.g., unbalanced metabolism or stress) and non-biological processes (e.

A qualitative study of the incentives and barriers that influence preferences for rural placements during surgical training in Australia.

Background: Rural exposure of long durations during clinical training is positively associated with rural career uptake and is a central strategy to addressing the geographical maldistribution of Australia's surgical workforce. However, the incentives and barriers to trainees undergoing surgical training preferencing repeated rural placements in Australia are not well understood. This qualitative study explores the incentives and barriers that influence preference for rural placements during surgical training in Australia.

Crop fertilisation potential of phosphorus in hydrochars produced from sewage sludge.

Sewage sludges are a rich underused source of phosphorus (P) which contributes to environmental degradation, yet if recaptured, could return significant amounts of P to agricultural systems. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can efficiently recover P, with the added ability to transform P species into potentially more desirable forms for direct application to crops. P dynamics in hydrochars have primarily examined P speciation and chemical extractability as indicators of P bioavailability, but few studies directly evaluate the agronomic effectiveness of hydrochars as P fertilisers.

Oxic and Anoxic Organic Polymer Degradation Potential of Endophytic Fungi From the Marine Macroalga, .

Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant polymeric, organic carbon source globally. Thus, microbes degrading these polymers significantly influence global carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production. Fungi are recognized as important for cellulose decomposition in terrestrial environments, but are far less studied in marine environments, where bacterial organic matter degradation pathways tend to receive more attention.

Sanctification of couple relationships and communal coping in married and cohabiting African American couples.

Throughout history, African Americans have endured much, and their experiences with discrimination and racism continue today. Despite ongoing challenges, African Americans have also shown their resilience. Religion and spirituality are two of the largest resources of resilience that African Americans employ.

Using RNA-seq to characterize pollen-stigma interactions for pollination studies.

Insects are essential for the reproduction of pollinator-dependent crops and contribute to the pollination of 87% of wild plants and 75% of the world's food crops. Understanding pollen flow dynamics between plants and pollinators is thus essential to manage and conserve wild plants and ensure yields are maximized in food crops. However, the determination of pollen transfer in the field is complex and laborious.

Regarding the F-word: The effects of data filtering on inferred genotype-environment associations.

Genotype-environment association (GEA) methods have become part of the standard landscape genomics toolkit, yet, we know little about how to best filter genotype-by-sequencing data to provide robust inferences for environmental adaptation. In many cases, default filtering thresholds for minor allele frequency and missing data are applied regardless of sample size, having unknown impacts on the results, negatively affecting management strategies. Here, we investigate the effects of filtering on GEA results and the potential implications for assessment of adaptation to environment.

(Lamiaceae) as a 'Cradle of Incense': Chemophenetics of Rare Essential Oils from Both New and Forgotten Australian 'Mint Bush' Species.

The highly aromatic Australian mint bushes from the genus Labill. produce a high yield of essential oil on hydrodistillation. Together with its rich history, horticultural potential, iconic flowers, and aromatic leaves, it achieves high ornamental and culinary value.

One Patient, Three Variants, Four Episodes of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.

• TCM is an increasingly recognized clinical entity. • Variants include apical, midventricular, basal, and focal. • The authors present a unique case in which one patient developed three variants.

Are tariffs bad for growth? Yes, say five decades of data from 150 countries.

The empirical evidence on the growth effects of import tariffs is sparse in the literature, notwithstanding strong views held by the public and politicians. Using an annual panel of macroeconomic data for 151 countries over 1963-2014, we find that tariff increases are associated with an economically and statistically sizeable and persistent decline in output growth. Thus, fears that the ongoing trade war may be costly for the world economy in terms of foregone output growth are justified.

Insectivorous bats selectively source moths and eat mostly pest insects on dryland and irrigated cotton farms.

Insectivorous bats are efficient predators of pest arthropods in agroecosystems. This pest control service has been estimated to be worth billions of dollars to agriculture globally. However, few studies have explicitly investigated the composition and abundance of dietary prey items consumed or assessed the ratio of pest and beneficial arthropods, making it difficult to evaluate the quality of the pest control service provided.