Lateralized motor behaviour in the righting responses of the cane toad ().

This paper reports a series of tests for fore- and hind-limb preferences used by cane toads, , to assist returning to the righted position after being overturned. We confirm the strong and significant right-handedness reported in this species, which under certain conditions exceeded 90% right-hand preference at the group level. Toads were tested under a variety of conditions including horizontal and inclined surfaces, with and without the opportunity for the forelimbs to grasp a support, in order to assess the effects of different vestibular and proprioceptive input on the strength and direction of fore- and hind-limb preferences.

Sheep Quickstep while the Floor Rock and Rolls: Visuomotor Lateralization during Simulated Sea Travel.

Unpredictable floor motions during transport disturbs animals' balance, requiring stepping to move the centre of gravity in the direction of body movement. When repeated regularly, this may be stressful, requiring involvement of the right brain hemisphere, hence we investigated the existence of behavioral laterality in sheep during prolonged floor motions. Six sheep were restrained in pairs on a programmable rocking platform, in which they were unable to turn around.

The Alpha Hypothesis: Did Lateralized Cattle-Human Interactions Change the Script for Western Culture?

Domestic cattle possess lateralized cognitive processing of human handlers. This has been recently demonstrated in the preference for large groups of cattle to view a human closely within the predominantly left visual field. By contrast, the same stimulus viewed predominantly within the right visual field promotes a significantly greater frequency of dispersal from a standing position, including flight responses.

The eyes have it: lateralized coping strategies in cattle herds responding to human approach.

We report a range of lateralized coping strategies adopted by large social groups of cattle in response to mild challenges posed by humans of varying degrees of familiarity. At either 14 or 18 pens at a commercial feedlot, with 90 to 200 cattle in each, we conducted a series of video recorded 'pressure tests'. 'Frontal' pressure tests involved walking from a position perpendicular to the concrete feed bunk of a given pen, towards the geometric centre of the line of feeding cattle.

White Matter Damage Relates to Oxygen Saturation in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia Without Silent Cerebral Infarcts.

Background And Purpose: Sickle cell anemia is associated with compromised oxygen-carrying capability of hemoglobin and a high incidence of overt and silent stroke. However, in children with no evidence of cerebral infarction, there are changes in brain morphometry relative to healthy controls, which may be related to chronic anemia and oxygen desaturation.

Methods: A whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics analysis was carried out in 25 children with sickle cell anemia with no evidence of abnormality on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (13 male, age range: 8-18 years) and 14 age- and race-matched controls (7 male, age range: 10-19 years) to determine the extent of white matter injury.

Lateralised visual processing in domestic cattle herds responding to novel and familiar stimuli.

We investigated whether cattle exhibit preferences to monitor challenging and novel stimuli. Experiments were conducted on dairy and beef cattle herds and revealed significant left eye preferences in the cattle for viewing an experimenter walking to repeatedly split the herd through its centre. Visual lateralisation was demonstrated in the preference to use the left monocular field to monitor the experimenter, alone or equipped with a range of novel stimuli.

Complementary and lateralized forms of processing in Bufo marinus for novel and familiar prey.

Amphibian vision is one of the most comprehensively studied of all vertebrate sensory systems. However, the processes of object recognition and memory in anuran amphibians have resisted satisfactory explanation. Our research shows that insight to the issue of visual discrimination and recognition in toads may be gained by investigation of the specialized and complementary functions carried out by the left and right brain hemispheres.

Lateralized predatory responses in the ornate dragon lizard (Ctenophorus ornatus).

Lateralized responses for visually elicited feeding behaviour have been reported in toads and birds but not in the phylogenetically intermediate class of vertebrates, the reptiles. Here we examined small social groups of ornate dragon lizards Ctenophorus ornatus (family Agamidae) and provide the first report in reptiles of right eye lateralization (left brain hemisphere) for predatory responses to prey. However, right eye lateralization was not evident initially but became stronger with time supporting a shift to right eye lateralization as the prey became increasingly familiar.

Limb preference and skeletal asymmetry in the cane toad, Bufo marinus (Anura: Bufonidae).

Two forms of skeletal asymmetry were identified in a population of cane toads, Bufo marinus, an exotic species in Australia. Fluctuating asymmetry characterised the lengths and weights of the long bones of the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Directional asymmetry was observed in the structure of the pectoral girdle of the toads, with the right epicoracoid positioned ventral to the left epicoracoid in 88% of the skeletons examined.

Light experience and the development of behavioural lateralisation in chicks. II. Choice of familiar versus unfamiliar model social partner.

In late-stage embryos of domestic fowl, exposure of the right eye to light entering through the shell induces asymmetry of the thalamofugal visual pathway, together with differences in performance according to whether the right or left eye (RE, LE) is in use (Behav. Brain Res. 38 (1990) 211).