International consensus to define outcomes for trials of chemoradiotherapy for anal cancer (CORMAC-2): defining the outcomes from the CORMAC core outcome set.

Variation in outcomes definitions and reporting limit the utility of clinical trial results. The Core Outcome Research Measures in Anal Cancer (CORMAC) project developed a core outcome set (COS) for chemoradiotherapy trials for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) through an international healthcare professional and patient consensus process. The CORMAC-COS comprises 19 outcomes across 4 domains (disease activity, survival, toxicity, life impact).

Excess weight by degree and duration and cancer risk (ABACus2 consortium): a cohort study and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Elevated body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m is a major preventable cause of cancer. A single BMI measure does not capture the degree and duration of exposure to excess BMI. We investigate associations between adulthood overweight-years, incorporating exposure time to BMI ≥25 kg/m and cancer incidence, and compare this with single BMI.

Pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging in anal cancer: large-scale evaluation of mrT, mrN and novel staging parameters.

Background: In patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is recommended for pre-treatment staging prior to chemo-radiotherapy (CRT), but large-scale evaluation of its staging performance is lacking.

Methods: We re-characterised pre-treatment MRs from 228 patients with non-metastatic SCCA treated consecutively by CRT (2006-2015) at one UK cancer centre. We derived TN staging from tumour size (mrTr) and nodal involvement (mrN), and additionally characterised novel beyond TN features such as extramural vascular invasion (mrEMVI) and tumour signal heterogeneity (mrTSH).

The risk of developing pseudomyxoma peritonei from a non-perforated low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm found at appendicectomy.

Introduction: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) are classified as non-perforated (pTis, pT3) or perforated (pT4), and considered precursors of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). This study aims to quantify the risk of developing PMP from pTis and pT3 LAMNs.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database identified LAMN patients referred to a specialist centre from 2004 to 2019.

Preoperative chemotherapy response and survival in patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases.

Treatment guidelines provided by PRODIGE-7 recommend perioperative systemic chemotherapy before cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases (CRPM). Toxicity with multimodal treatment needs to be better defined. Chemotherapy response and impact on survival have not been reported.

Post-diagnosis adiposity and colorectal cancer prognosis: A Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

The adiposity influence on colorectal cancer prognosis remains poorly characterised. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on post-diagnosis adiposity measures (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, weight) or their changes and colorectal cancer outcomes. PubMed and Embase were searched through 28 February 2022.

Post-diagnosis physical activity and sedentary behaviour and colorectal cancer prognosis: A Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour have been clearly linked with colorectal cancer development, yet data on their potential role in colorectal cancer survival is limited. Better characterisation of these relationships is needed for the development of post-diagnosis physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidance for colorectal cancer survivors. We searched PubMed and Embase through 28 February 2022 for studies assessing post-diagnosis physical activity, and/or sedentary behaviour in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality and recurrence after colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Post-diagnosis dietary factors, supplement use and colorectal cancer prognosis: A Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

The role of diet in colorectal cancer prognosis is not well understood and specific lifestyle recommendations are lacking. We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies on post-diagnosis dietary factors, supplement use and colorectal cancer survival outcomes in PubMed and Embase from inception until 28th February 2022. Random-effects dose-response meta-analyses were conducted when at least three studies had sufficient information.

Overweight-years and cancer risk: A prospective study of the association and comparison of predictive performance with body mass index (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study).

Excess body mass index (BMI) is associated with a higher risk of at least 13 cancers, but it is usually measured at a single time point. We tested whether the overweight-years metric, which incorporates exposure time to BMI ≥25 kg/m , is associated with cancer risk and compared this with a single BMI measure. We used adulthood BMI readings in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study to derive the overweight-years metric.

The Impact of Oral Antibiotics Prior to Cancer Diagnosis on Overall Patient Survival: Findings from an English Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: There is limited evidence in humans as to whether antibiotics impact the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Rodent studies have shown that disruption in gut microbiota due to antibiotics decreases cancer therapy effectiveness. We evaluated the associations between the antibiotic treatment of different time periods before cancer diagnoses and long-term mortality.

Protocol for the CoNoR Study: A prospective multi-step study of the potential added benefit of two novel assessment tools in colorectal liver metastases technical resectability decision-making.

Introduction: Liver resection is the only curative treatment for colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Resectability decision-making is therefore a key determinant of outcomes. Wide variation has been demonstrated in resectability decision-making, despite the existence of criteria.

The Risk of Distant Metastases in Patients With Clinical Complete Response Managed by Watch and Wait After Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer: The Influence of Local Regrowth in the International Watch and Wait Database.

Background: Nearly 30% of patients with rectal cancer develop local regrowth after initial clinical complete response managed by watch and wait. These patients might be at higher risk for distant metastases.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate risk factors for distant metastases using time-dependent analyses.

Latent class trajectory modelling: impact of changes in model specification.

Latent class trajectory models (LCTMs) are often used to identify subgroups of patients that are clinically meaningful in terms of longitudinal exposure and outcome, e.g. drug response patterns.

A Novel Automated Approach to Mutation-Cancer Relation Extraction by Incorporating Heterogeneous Knowledge.

Automatic extraction of relations between gene mutations and cancer entities occurring in the cancer literature using text mining can rapidly provide vital information to support precision cancer medicine. However, mutation-cancer relation extraction is more challenging than general relation extraction from free text, since it is often not possible without cancer-specific background knowledge and thus the model replies on a deeper understanding of complex surrounding tokens. We propose a deep learning model that jointly extracts mutations and their associated cancers.

Age alone is not a barrier to efficacy of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal metastases: analysis of 1138 patients from the UK and Ireland Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases Registry.

Background: The management of colorectal peritoneal metastases continues to be a challenge but recent evidence suggests cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can improve survival. Uncertainty about the relationship between age and tumour biology makes patient selection challenging particularly when reported procedure related morbidity is high and impact on survival outcomes unknown. The UK and Ireland Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases Registry was reviewed to assess the influence of age on efficacy of CRS and HIPEC.

Childhood body mass index trajectories, adult-onset type 2 diabetes, and obesity-related cancers.

Background: Elevated childhood body mass index (BMI), commonly examined as a "once-only" value, increases the risk of cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. Continuous exposure to adiposity during childhood may further increase cancer risk. We examined whether longitudinal childhood BMI trajectories were associated with adult obesity-related cancer and the role of adult-onset T2D in these associations.

Clinical and radiomics prediction of complete response in rectal cancer pre-chemoradiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Patients with rectal cancer could avoid major surgery if they achieve clinical complete response (cCR) post neoadjuvant treatment. Therefore, prediction of treatment outcomes before treatment has become necessary to select the best neo-adjuvant treatment option. This study investigates clinical and radiomics variables' ability to predict cCR in patients pre chemoradiotherapy.