Effects of Monocular Atropinization on Refractive Error and Eye Growth in Infant New World Monkeys.

Purpose: To explore the effect of topical atropine on axial eye growth and emmetropization in infant marmosets.

Methods: Atropine was applied to one eye from the age of 7 to 56 days in two dose regimens, High (0.1-1% twice daily, increasing with age) or moderate (Mod) (0.

The value of clinical electrophysiology in the assessment of the eye and visual system in the era of advanced imaging.

Electrophysiological techniques allow clinical investigations to include a 'dissection' of the visual system. Using suitable electrophysiological techniques, the 'dissection' allows function to be ascribed to the different photoreceptors (rod and cone photoreceptors), retinal layers, retinal location or the visual pathway up to the visual cortex. Combined with advances in genetics, retinal biochemistry, visual fields and ocular imaging, it is now possible to obtain a better understanding of diseases affecting the retina and visual pathways.

Reading strategies in Stargardt's disease with foveal sparing.

Background: Subjects with a ring scotoma can use two retinal loci, a foveal and a peripheral, for reading. Our aim was to investigate the relative use of both retinal loci as a function of the spared foveal area size and the spatial resolution at both retinal loci.

Findings: Two patients with Stargardt's disease and ring scotomas read through a scanning laser ophthalmoscope a series of letters and words at various character sizes.

Rotated prism-wear disrupts emmetropization but does not reliably induce hyperopia in the New World monkey.

To determine whether a disruption of binocular vision that has been previously shown to be amblyogenic disturbs visually guided growth, and in particular to follow-up the observation by Kiorpes and Wallman [Kiorpes, L., & Wallman, J. (1995).

A technique to train new oculomotor behavior in patients with central macular scotomas during reading related tasks using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy: immediate functional benefits and gains retention.

Background: Reading with a central scotoma involves the use of preferred retinal loci (PRLs) that enable both letter resolution and global viewing of word. Spontaneously developed PRLs however often privilege spatial resolution and, as a result, visual span is commonly limited by the position of the scotoma. In this study we designed and performed the pilot trial of a training procedure aimed at modifying oculomotor behavior in subjects with central field loss.

Computer-based measurement of letter and word acuity.

Determining causes of poor reading ability is an important step in trying to ameliorate reading performance in low-vision patients. One important parameter is word acuity. The principal aim of the current study is to develop a method to reliably measure acuities for isolated lowercase letters and words of differing length that can be used to test low-vision patients.

The relationship between word length and threshold character size in patients with central scotoma and eccentric fixation.

Background: Understanding limitations on text reading with eccentric fixation is of major concern in low vision research. Our objective was to determine, in patients with a central scotoma, whether threshold character size is similar for different word lengths and paragraphed texts.

Methods: In 19 patients, we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between minimum readable character size for isolated words and text.

Primary viscocanalostomy for juvenile open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of primary viscocanalostomy for medically uncontrolled juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG).

Design: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case-series study.

Methods: The study included 20 eyes of 20 consecutive patients with medically uncontrolled JOAG who were treated by viscocanalostomy at one institution.

Development of a viewing strategy during adaptation to an artificial central scotoma.

Although many individuals with a central scotoma develop eccentric fixation most often beneath or left of the scotoma, little is known about how they come to develop a particular viewing strategy. We investigated this by asking eight subjects with normal vision to read isolated letters, words and text passages while an artificial scotoma covered a central portion of the visual field. We quantified viewing strategy and analysed changes in their viewing behaviour over 8-10 sessions within a two-week period.

Visual consciousness in health and disease.

Conscious experience is an essential part of normal human life and interaction with the environment. Yet the nature of consciousness and conscious perception remains a mystery. Because of its subjective nature, consciousness has been difficult to investigate scientifically, but clues have been gained through studies involving patients with cortical lesions.