Alcohol-induced tolerance and physical dependence in mice with ethanol insensitive alpha1 GABA A receptors.

Background: Although many people consume alcohol (ethanol), it remains unknown why some become addicted. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of tolerance and physical dependence (withdrawal) may provide insight into alcohol addiction. While the exact molecular mechanisms of ethanol action are unclear, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA(A)-Rs) have been extensively implicated in ethanol action.