Trans-seasonal activation of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis: Low-temperature winter dormancy modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in garter snakes.

All animals use external cues from the environment to accurately time life-history events. How the brain decodes environmental stimuli to effect changes in physiology and behavior, however, is poorly understood, particularly with regard to supplementary environmental cues such as temperature. We asked if low-temperature dormancy alters the synthesis and/or release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Utility of the Current Procedural Terminology Codes for Prophylactic Stabilization for Defining Metastatic Femur Disease.

Introduction: Cohorts from the electronic health record are often defined by the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. The error prevalence of CPT codes for patients receiving surgical treatment of metastatic disease of the femur has not been investigated, and the predictive value of coding ontologies to identify patients with metastatic disease of the femur has not been adequately discussed.

Methods: All surgical cases at a single academic tertiary institution from 2010 through 2015 involving prophylactic stabilization of the femur or fixation of a pathologic fracture of the femur were identified using the CPT and International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes.

Epidemiology of Pediatric Nonballistic Firearm Injuries to the Upper Extremity in the United States From 2000 to 2017.

This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of pediatric upper extremity injury secondary to nonballistic firearms in the United States. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance Survey (NEISS) database was queried between 2000 and 2017 for injuries to the upper extremity from nonballistic firearms in patients aged ≤18 years. In total, 1502 unique cases were identified.

The role of postoperative radiation and coordination of care in patients with metastatic bone disease of the appendicular skeleton.

Metastatic bone disease affects approximately 300,000 people in the United States, and the burden is rising. These patients experience significant morbidity and decreased survival. The management of these patients requires coordinated care among a multidisciplinary team of physicians, including orthopaedic surgeons.