Background: Oesophago-gastric cancer surgery negatively affects quality of life with a high postoperative symptom burden. Several conditions that may be diagnosed and treated after surgery are recognised. However, consensus regarding their definition and management is lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Prehabilitation is safe, feasible and may improve a range of outcomes in patients with oesophago-gastric cancer (OGC). Recent studies have suggested the potential of prehabilitation to improve body composition, sarcopenia and physical fitness, reduce surgical complications and improve quality of life. Despite this, prehabilitation services are not offered throughout all OGC centres in the UK.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) are used in the management of end-stage glenohumeral arthritis. Improvement in shoulder function and resolution of symptoms are high priorities for patients. The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following TSA and HA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Purpose: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) are used in the management of osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint. We aimed to determine whether TSA or HA resulted in a lower risk of adverse outcomes in patients of all ages with osteoarthritis and an intact rotator cuff and in a subgroup of patients aged 60 years or younger.
Patients And Methods: Shoulder arthroplasties recorded in the National Joint Registry, UK, between April 1, 2012 and June 30, 2021, were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics in England.
Introduction: Better predictive markers are needed to deliver individualized care for patients with primary esophagogastric cancer. This exploratory study aimed to assess whether pre-treatment imaging parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT are associated with response to neoadjuvant therapy or outcome.
Materials And Methods: Following ethical approval and informed consent, prospective participants underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and F-FDG PET/CT prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy ± surgery.
Objectives: 2-deoxy-2[F]Fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET-CT has an emerging role in assessing response to neoadjuvant therapy in oesophageal cancer. This study evaluated FDG PET-CT in predicting pathological tumour response (pTR), pathological nodal response (pNR) and survival.
Methods: Cohort study of 75 patients with oesophageal or oesophago-gastric junction (GOJ) adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy then surgery at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London (2017-2020).
A tumour-positive proximal margin (PPM) after extended gastrectomy for oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) adenocarcinoma is observed in approximately 2-20% of patients. Although a PPM is an unfavourable prognostic factor, the clinical relevance remains unclear as it may reflect poor tumour biology. This narrative review analyses the most relevant literature on PPM after gastrectomy for OGJ cancers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Long-lasting symptoms and reductions in quality of life are common after oesophago-gastric surgery. Post-operative follow-up has traditionally focussed on tumour recurrence and survival, but there is a growing need to also identify and treat functional sequelae to improve patients' recovery.
Methods: An electronic survey was circulated via a British national charity for patients undergoing oesophago-gastric surgery and their families.
Background: Peri-operative chemotherapy improves survival in patients with locally advanced oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma. Two regimens with proven survival benefits are epirubicin, cisplatin plus capecitabine or fluorouracil (Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy, MAGIC) and fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT). This study aimed to compare the effect of these regimens on survival (primary aim) and pathological response, surgical complications, adverse events and chemotherapy completion rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is often used prior to surgical resection for oesophageal adenocarcinoma but remains ineffective in a high proportion of patients. The histological Mandard tumour regression grade is used to determine chemoresponse but is not available at the time of treatment decision-making. The aim of this cohort study was to identify factors that predict chemotherapy response prior to surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Most patients presenting with oesophageal cancer do so with advanced disease not suitable for surgery. However, there are examples of encouraging survival following surgery in highly selected patients who respond well to chemotherapy.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who presented with advanced but nonvisceral metastatic oesophageal cancer.
Objectives: Metastatic involvement of nonregional supraclavicular or superior mediastinal lymph nodes in distal oesophageal cancer is rare but has important implications for prognosis and management. The management of nonregional lymph nodes which appear indeterminate on CT and FDG PET-CT (subcentimeter nodes or those with preserved normal morphology, but increased FDG avidity) can present a diagnostic dilemma. This study investigates the incidence, work-up and clinical significance of nonregional clinically indeterminate FDG avid lymph nodes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To assess the outcomes of patients with early esophageal cancer and high-grade dysplasia comparing esophagectomy, the historical treatment of choice, to endoscopic eradication therapy (EET).
Methods: Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with early esophageal cancer/high-grade dysplasia, treated between 2000 and 2018 at a tertiary center. Primary outcomes were all-cause and disease-specific mortality assessed by multivariable Cox regression and a propensity score matching sub analysis, providing hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, tumor grade (G1/2 vs.
Background & Aims: Prophylactic hypothermia, often used in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury, reduces energy expenditure and may affect energy delivered by nutrition therapy. The primary objective of this study was to measure energy expenditure in hypothermic patients over the first 3 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondary objectives included comparison of measured energy expenditure and nutrition delivery to day 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: This review examines current developments and controversies in the multimodal management of oesophageal cancer, with an emphasis on surgical dilemmas and outcomes from the surgeon's perspective.
Recent Findings: Despite the advancement of oncological neoadjuvant treatments, there is still no consensus on what regimen is superior. The majority of patients may still fail to respond to neoadjuvant therapy and suffer potential harm without any survival advantage as a result.
Background: A high Mandard score implies a non-response to chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. However, some patients exhibit tumour volume reduction and a nodal response despite a high score. This study examines survival and recurrence patterns in these patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The role of adjuvant therapy in patients with oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and surgery is contentious. In UK practice, surgical resection margin status is often used to classify patients into receiving adjuvant treatment. This study aimed to assess any survival benefit of adjuvant therapy in patients with clear resection margins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Esophageal anastomoses performed following esophagectomy and total gastrectomy are technically challenging with a significant risk of anastomotic leak. A safe, reliable, and easy anastomotic technique is required to improve patient outcomes and reduce morbidity.
Method: This paper analyses 328 consecutive patients who underwent transoral circular stapled esophageal anastomosis (ORVIL™) from a prospectively collected single-center database between December 2011 and February 2019.
Background: International guidelines recommend critically ill adults receive more protein than most receive. We aimed to establish the feasibility of a trial to evaluate whether feeding protein to international recommendations would improve outcomes, in which 1 group received protein doses representative of international guideline recommendations (high protein) and the other received doses similar to usual practice.
Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, blinded, parallel-group, feasibility trial across 6 intensive care units.
Functional outcomes at 12 months were a secondary outcome of the randomized DECRA trial of early decompressive craniectomy for severe diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) and refractory intracranial hypertension. In the DECRA trial, patients were randomly allocated 1:1 to either early decompressive craniectomy or intensive medical therapies (standard care). We conducted planned secondary analyses of the DECRA trial outcomes at 6 and 12 months, including all 155 patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe long-term effects of delivering approximately 100% of recommended calorie intake via the enteral route during critical illness compared with a lesser amount of calories are unknown. Our hypotheses were that achieving approximately 100% of recommended calorie intake during critical illness would increase quality-of-life scores, return to work, and key life activities and reduce death and disability 6 months later. We conducted a multicenter, blinded, parallel group, randomized clinical trial, with 3,957 mechanically ventilated critically ill adults allocated to energy-dense (1.
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