Biomechanics of Subcutaneous Locked Plating Versus Burke Plate and External Fixator for Comminuted Distal Radius Fractures.

Background External fixators that span the wrist have been the historical norm in treating distal radius fractures. We have modified a dorsal distraction approach by using a subcutaneously applied locked bridge plate through two small incisions superficial to the extensor tendons and outside the extensor compartment. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically evaluate this modified method of fixation for comminuted distal radius fractures in comparison with two established constructs.

The Effect of Ambient Temperature and Implantation Time on the Material Properties of Two Viscosity-Differing Cements Using American Society of Testing and Materials Methodology.

Ambient temperature and time to implantation can affect the material properties of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement, and cement intrusion depth has been shown to affect implant fixation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ambient temperature and time to implantation on depth of intrusion, and the effect of ambient temperature on setting time. Two types of cements were evaluated: cement A (Simplex P,medium Q7 viscosity) and cement B (Palacos R, high viscosity).

An Epidemiological Comparison of Elbow Injuries Among United States High School Baseball and Softball Players, 2005-2006 Through 2014-2015.

Background: Pitching is a common mechanism of injury in baseball, with known risk factors for elbow injuries among adolescent pitchers.

Hypothesis: Elbow injury rates and mechanisms will differ between high school baseball and softball players.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Are the Current Little League Pitching Guidelines Adequate? A Single-Season Prospective MRI Study.

Background: Little League throwing guidelines have recently been implemented in an attempt to lessen the growing number of elbow injuries occurring in youth baseball players.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine pre- and postseason changes seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in youth baseball players' elbows in an attempt to identify risk factors for pain and MRI abnormalities, with a particular focus on the current Little League guidelines. We hypothesized that MRI abnormalities would be common in pitchers with high pitch counts and poor guideline compliance.

Analysis of spinal alignment and pelvic parameters on upright radiographs: implications for acetabular development.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to correlate measures of sagittal spinopelvic alignment [lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT) and pelvic incidence (PI)] and measures of acetabular coverage [lateral center edge angle (LCEA) and Tonnis angle] in asymptomatic adolescents on standing biplanar radiographs. We hypothesized that subjects with increased pelvic incidence and LL would have increased anterior PT and increased measures of acetabular coverage. Upright anteroposterior and lateral spinopelvic radiographs were obtained using EOS imaging technique.

Preseason Assessment of Radiographic Abnormalities in Elbows of Little League Baseball Players.

Background: Youth baseball has been associated with elbow pain and elbow abnormalities, leading to the implementation of throwing and pitching guidelines. The purpose of the current study was to examine elbow abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in asymptomatic Little League baseball players and to correlate these findings with the players' throwing history and physical examinations.

Methods: A prospective study of Little League players who were 10 to 13 years of age was performed.

Does cortisol acting via the type II glucocorticoid receptor mediate suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in response to psychosocial stress?

This study assessed the importance of cortisol in mediating inhibition of pulsatile LH secretion in sheep exposed to a psychosocial stress. First, we developed an acute psychosocial stress model that involves sequential layering of novel stressors over 3-4 h. This layered-stress paradigm robustly activated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and unambiguously inhibited pulsatile LH secretion.

Does the type II glucocorticoid receptor mediate cortisol-induced suppression in pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone?

Stress-like elevations in plasma cortisol suppress LH pulse amplitude in ovariectomized ewes by inhibiting pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. Here we sought to identify the receptor mediating this effect. In a preliminary experiment GnRH and LH pulses were monitored in ovariectomized ewes treated with cortisol plus spironolactone, which antagonizes the type I mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), or with cortisol plus RU486, which antagonizes both the type II glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the progesterone receptor (PR).