Comparison of existing laser-induced breakdown thermometry techniques along with a time-resolved breakdown approach.

Temperature is an important parameter for characterizing chemical, physical, and flow processes occurring in combustion environments. Laser-induced breakdown is a process widely used to determine a material's elemental components and its composition, known as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The breakdown event, or more specifically the breakdown threshold, for a low-pressure gas strongly depends on density effects emanating in the likelihood for multiphoton and avalanche ionization.