Topical Interferon Alpha 2b in the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema.

Purpose: To report the efficacy of topical interferon alpha 2b in the treatment of refractory diabetic macular edema.

Methods: In this retrospective interventional case series, five eyes of three individuals with diabetic macular edema resistant to multiple intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and macular photocoagulation were included.

Results: All studied eyes had undergone multiple intravitreal injections including bevacizumab, combination of bevacizumab and triamcinolone and aflibercept, and macular laser photocoagulation before being included in this study.