Publications by authors named "Andrew Nishida"

Seasonal influenza results in 3 to 5 million cases of severe disease and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths annually. Macrophages have been implicated in both the resolution and progression of the disease, but the drivers of these outcomes are poorly understood. We probed mouse lung transcriptomic datasets using the Digital Cell Quantifier algorithm to predict immune cell subsets that correlated with mild or severe influenza A virus (IAV) infection outcomes.

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The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) project is a collaborative effort to create a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome. The current database comprises more than 19000 functional genomics experiments across more than 1000 cell lines and tissues using a wide array of experimental techniques to study the chromatin structure, regulatory and transcriptional landscape of the and genomes. All experimental data, metadata, and associated computational analyses created by the ENCODE consortium are submitted to the Data Coordination Center (DCC) for validation, tracking, storage, and distribution to community resources and the scientific community.

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The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) project is a collaborative effort to create a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome. The current database comprises more than 19000 functional genomics experiments across more than 1000 cell lines and tissues using a wide array of experimental techniques to study the chromatin structure, regulatory and transcriptional landscape of the and genomes. All experimental data, metadata, and associated computational analyses created by the ENCODE consortium are submitted to the Data Coordination Center (DCC) for validation, tracking, storage, and distribution to community resources and the scientific community.

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Here we present advancements in single-cell combinatorial indexed Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin (sciATAC) to measure chromatin accessibility that leverage nanowell chips to achieve atlas-scale cell throughput (>10 cells) at low cost. The platform leverages the core of the sciATAC workflow where multiple indexed tagmentation reactions are performed, followed by pooling and distribution to a second set of reaction wells for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based indexing. In this work, we instead leverage a chip containing 5184 nanowells at the PCR stage of indexing, enabling a 52-fold improvement in scale and reduction in per-cell preparation costs.

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To capture the full spectrum of genetic risk for autism, we performed a two-stage analysis of rare de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 autism cases, including 35,130 new cases recruited online by SPARK. We identified 60 genes with exome-wide significance (P < 2.5 × 10), including five new risk genes (NAV3, ITSN1, MARK2, SCAF1 and HNRNPUL2).

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Targeted sequencing remains a valuable technique for clinical and research applications. However, many existing technologies suffer from pervasive guanine-cytosine (GC) sequence content bias, high input DNA requirements, and high cost for custom panels. We have developed Cas12a-Capture, a low-cost and highly scalable method for targeted sequencing.

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Lineage commitment and differentiation is driven by the concerted action of master transcriptional regulators at their target chromatin sites. Multiple efforts have characterized the key transcription factors (TFs) that determine the various hematopoietic lineages. However, the temporal interactions between individual TFs and their chromatin targets during differentiation and how these interactions dictate lineage commitment remains poorly understood.

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Dengue virus (DENV), a Flavivirus, causes a broad spectrum of disease in humans with key clinical signs including thrombocytopenia, vascular leakage and hemorrhaging. A major obstacle to understanding DENV immunity has been the lack of a validated immune-competent mouse model. Here, we report the infection profiles of human clinical isolates of DENV serotypes 1-4 in an immune-competent mouse model.

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High-throughput single-cell epigenomic assays can resolve cell type heterogeneity in complex tissues, however, spatial orientation is lost. Here, we present single-cell combinatorial indexing on Microbiopsies Assigned to Positions for the Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin, or sciMAP-ATAC, as a method for highly scalable, spatially resolved, single-cell profiling of chromatin states. sciMAP-ATAC produces data of equivalent quality to non-spatial sci-ATAC and retains the positional information of each cell within a 214 micron cubic region, with up to hundreds of tracked positions in a single experiment.

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  • African green monkeys (AGMs) can carry the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) without developing AIDS, unlike rhesus macaques (RMs) who are susceptible to it.
  • Researchers used a new method called Conserved Gene Signature Analysis (CGSA) to compare gene expression in both species during acute SIV infection.
  • AGMs show strong regenerative wound healing mechanisms and have a unique immune response that helps maintain mucosal integrity, preventing the inflammation that leads to immune system exhaustion seen in RMs.
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  • Ebola virus infections cause a significant decrease in T-cells, which correlates with higher mortality, but the reasons for this T-cell depletion are still not fully understood.
  • The study shows that Ebola virus mRNAs and proteins can be found in CD4+ T cells, even without a full infection occurring, indicating an incomplete or 'abortive' infection.
  • It was found that the interaction between EBOV and T cells leads to autophagy and activation of pathways related to ER-stress, contributing to the observed reduction in T-cell numbers during Ebola infections.
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Bacteria are often found living in aggregated multicellular communities known as biofilms. Biofilms are three-dimensional structures that confer distinct physical and biological properties to the collective of cells living within them. We used agent-based modeling to explore whether local cellular interactions were sufficient to give rise to global structural features of biofilms.

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The host innate immune response to influenza virus is a key determinant of pathogenic outcomes and long-term protective immune responses against subsequent exposures. Here, we present a direct contrast of the host responses in primary differentiated human nasal epithelial cell (hNEC) cultures following infection with either a seasonal H3N2 influenza virus (WT) or the antigenically-matched live-attenuated vaccine (LAIV) strain. Comparison of the transcriptional profiles obtained 24 and 36h post-infection showed that the magnitude of gene expression was greater in LAIV infected relative to that observed in WT infected hNEC cultures.

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  • Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is driven by an exaggerated immune response called a "cytokine storm," which is influenced by the activation of T lymphocytes.
  • The protein T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1 (Tim-1) plays a crucial role in EBOV infection, with studies showing that Tim-1 mice have better survival rates despite minimal differences in viral load.
  • EBOV binds to T lymphocytes via Tim-1 and induces a significant inflammatory response, leading to changes in cytokine production and activation of T helper cells, which contributes to the severity of the cytokine storm associated with fatal disease outcomes.
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There are no approved therapeutics for the treatment of dengue disease despite the global prevalence of dengue virus (DENV) and its mosquito vectors. DENV infections can lead to vascular complications, hemorrhage, and shock due to the ability of DENV to infect a variety of immune and nonimmune cell populations. Increasingly, studies have implicated the host response as a major contributor to severe disease.

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  • Ebola virus (EBOV) infections lead to fatal outcomes often preceded by a syndrome similar to sepsis and a significant drop in T cell counts (lymphopenia), which correlates with mortality rates.
  • The study found that the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) contributes to T cell death by binding to CD4+ T cells via TLR4, leading to cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis and necrosis.
  • Additionally, EBOV exposure causes increased differentiation of monocytes, enhancing their susceptibility to infection, which further exacerbates T cell death and impairs the immune response.
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Ebola virus (EBOV) and Reston virus (RESTV) are members of the genus which greatly differ in their pathogenicity. While EBOV causes a severe disease in humans characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response and elevated cytokine and chemokine production, there are no reported disease-associated human cases of RESTV infection, suggesting that RESTV is nonpathogenic for humans. The underlying mechanisms determining the pathogenicity of different ebolavirus species are not yet known.

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  • The NHPRTR project is creating a large database of RNA-seq data from various non-human primates, including lemurs and hominids, to help understand their genetics.
  • In its recent phase, NHPRTR added over 10 billion new RNA-seq data fragments from 11 selected primate species, covering around 15 different tissues per species.
  • The updated resource provides high-quality expression data aligned with human genes, improving transcript annotations for macaques and aiding research in genome annotation and functional analysis across different primate species.
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