Estimating the 12-Hour Serum Lithium Level (eLi): Development and Two Proof-of-Concept Studies.

Most serum lithium (se-Li) tests do not comply with the required timing (12 hours after lithium intake). We aimed to develop an equation estimating 12-hour se-Li levels when lithium blood tests are taken at other time points than 12 hours. The equation was developed via secondary analyses using data from the Bipolar Clinical Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness (CHOICE) trial and verified in 2 separate proof-of-concept studies.

Pharmacotherapy in Comorbid Bipolar Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder From the STEP-BD Cohort.

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more prevalent in those with bipolar disorder (BD) than in the general population, with rates of PTSD as high as 55% in some BD cohorts. Despite this, little research explores the effects of pharmacotherapy treatments in those with comorbid BD and PTSD. This study aims to explore patterns of pharmacotherapy use at baseline and their impact on symptoms in individuals with BD alone and comorbid BD and PTSD.

Neurobiological Mechanisms Link Bipolar Disorder to Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Biobank Study of Adverse Event Risk and Contributory Mechanisms.

Objective: Individuals with bipolar disorder are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. This study aimed to (1) determine the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after adjusting for important confounders and (2) evaluate the neural, autonomic, and immune mechanisms underlying the link between bipolar disorder and cardiovascular disease.

Early antibiotic exposure and risk of psychiatric and neurocognitive outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prenatal and early-life periods pose a crucial neurodevelopmental window whereby disruptions to the intestinal microbiota and the developing brain may have adverse impacts. As antibiotics affect the human intestinal microbiome, it follows that early-life antibiotic exposure may be associated with later-life psychiatric or neurocognitive outcomes.

Aims: To explore the association between early-life (in utero and early childhood (age 0-2 years)) antibiotic exposure and the subsequent risk of psychiatric and neurocognitive outcomes.

Does baseline psychiatric symptom severity predict well-being improvement in low-intensity mindfulness interventions?

Regardless of baseline psychiatric symptom severity, individuals can improve from psychotherapy, including from low-intensity psychosocial treatments. We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of low-intensity mindfulness interventions to explore if and how specific indices of baseline symptom severity were associated with well-being trajectories during treatment and follow-up. In the original study, participants ( = 4, 411) with physical and mental health conditions were randomly assigned to one of two low-intensity mindfulness interventions (eight-session mindfulness-based cognitive therapy or a three-session mindfulness intervention).

Understanding the relationship between childhood abuse and affective symptoms in bipolar disorder: New insights from a network analysis.

The impact of childhood abuse on the presentation of bipolar disorder could be further elucidated by comparing the networks of affective symptoms among individuals with and with no history of childhood abuse. Data from 476 participants in the Clinical Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness for Bipolar Disorder study were used to fit several regularised Gaussian Graphical Models. Differences in the presentation of depressive and manic symptoms were uncovered: only among participants with a history of childhood abuse, inadequacy and pessimism were central symptoms in the network of depressive symptoms, while racing thoughts was an important symptom in the network of manic symptoms.

Self-Efficacy for Exercise in Adults with Lifetime Depression and Low Physical Activity.

People may be more likely to exercise if they have self-efficacy for exercise (SEE). We conducted an exploratory analysis of SEE using data from a clinical trial designed to increase physical activity (N = 340). We evaluated correlates of baseline SEE and the relationship between baseline SEE and physical activity.

Predictors of Functional Impairment in Bipolar Disorder: Results From 13 Cohorts From Seven Countries by the Global Bipolar Cohort Collaborative.

Objectives: Persistent functional impairment is common in bipolar disorder (BD) and is influenced by a number of demographic, clinical, and cognitive features. The goal of this project was to estimate and compare the influence of key factors on community function in multiple cohorts of well-characterized samples of individuals with BD.

Methods: Thirteen cohorts from 7 countries included = 5882 individuals with BD across multiple sites.

Testing similarity in longitudinal networks: The Individual Network Invariance Test.

The comparison of idiographic network structures to determine the presence of heterogeneity is a challenging endeavor in many applied settings. Previously, researchers eyeballed idiographic networks, computed correlations, and used techniques that make use of the multilevel structure of the data (e.g.

Neuropsychological Assessments of Cognitive Impairment in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression.

Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction or deficits are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The current study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes multiple domains of cognitive impairment in patients with MDD.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception through May 17, 2023, with no language limits.

The Human Phenotype Ontology in 2024: phenotypes around the world.

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is a widely used resource that comprehensively organizes and defines the phenotypic features of human disease, enabling computational inference and supporting genomic and phenotypic analyses through semantic similarity and machine learning algorithms. The HPO has widespread applications in clinical diagnostics and translational research, including genomic diagnostics, gene-disease discovery, and cohort analytics. In recent years, groups around the world have developed translations of the HPO from English to other languages, and the HPO browser has been internationalized, allowing users to view HPO term labels and in many cases synonyms and definitions in ten languages in addition to English.

Real-World Evidence on Clinical Outcomes of Commonly Used Antidepressants in Older Adults Initiating Antidepressants for Depression: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark.

Objective: The authors investigated the clinical outcomes of commonly used antidepressants among older adults who initiated first-time antidepressants for depression by analyzing the 1-year risk of selected clinically relevant outcomes.

Methods: This cohort study used nationwide Danish registry data and included all older adults who redeemed a first-time (since 1995) antidepressant prescription with an indication of depression between 2006 and 2017. Only the 10 most frequently redeemed antidepressants were included in the analyses.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder: A Review.

Importance: Bipolar disorder affects approximately 8 million adults in the US and approximately 40 million individuals worldwide.

Observations: Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania or hypomania. Bipolar depressive episodes are similar to major depressive episodes.

A trial of prolonged exposure therapy for outpatients with comorbid bipolar disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Background: Bipolar disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occur, but no treatment guidelines exist for this population. Prolonged exposure (PE) is a well-established and efficacious treatment for PTSD, untested in patients with comorbid bipolar disorder. The current study evaluates the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of PE for patients with bipolar disorder and PTSD.

Treatment-resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is common and associated with multiple serious public health implications. A consensus definition of TRD with demonstrated predictive utility in terms of clinical decision-making and health outcomes does not currently exist. Instead, a plethora of definitions have been proposed, which vary significantly in their conceptual framework.

Development of a model to predict antidepressant treatment response for depression among Veterans.

Background: Only a limited number of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) respond to a first course of antidepressant medication (ADM). We investigated the feasibility of creating a baseline model to determine which of these would be among patients beginning ADM treatment in the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Methods: A 2018-2020 national sample of = 660 VHA patients receiving ADM treatment for MDD completed an extensive baseline self-report assessment near the beginning of treatment and a 3-month self-report follow-up assessment.

Rumination in bipolar disorder associated with brain network and behavioural measures of inhibitory executive control.

Objective: Rumination is a passive form of negative self-focused cognition that predicts depressive episodes for individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Individuals with BD also have impaired inhibitory executive control; rumination in BD may therefore reflect executive dysfunction. We investigated the relationship between a neural measure of executive functioning (functional connectivity between the frontoparietal control network [FPCN] and the default mode network [DMN] during an effortful task), behavioural measures of executive functioning (the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function) and rumination (the Ruminative Responses Scale).

Patterns of pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder: A GBC survey.

Objectives: To understand treatment practices for bipolar disorders (BD), this study leveraged the Global Bipolar Cohort collaborative network to investigate pharmacotherapeutic treatment patterns in multiple cohorts of well-characterized individuals with BD in North America, Europe, and Australia.

Methods: Data on pharmacotherapy, demographics, diagnostic subtypes, and comorbidities were provided from each participating cohort. Individual site and regional pooled proportional meta-analyses with generalized linear mixed methods were conducted to identify prescription patterns.