Loss of STAT3 in osteoblasts has detrimental and sexually dimorphic effects on skeletal development.

Studies with genetically modified mice have implicated the transcriptional regulator STAT3 as a key modulator of bone development. STAT3-OKO knockout mouse lines were generated in two genetic backgrounds, pure C57BL/6 (STAT3-OKO-BL) and mixed C57BL/6, CD1 (STAT3-OKO-M). Both lines exhibited defective postnatal bone development resulting in reduced body weight and shortened femurs that displayed low bone mineral density as well as cortical widening and thinning in the diaphyseal region.

Improving Medical Student Access to Nutrition During the Core Surgery Clerkship.

The rigorous demands of medical education create circumstances that can make it challenging to maintain a healthy diet. Evaluations from students at an urban medical school in the northeast U.S.

Complex system modelling reveals oxalate homeostasis is driven by diverse oxalate-degrading bacteria.

Decades of research have made clear that host-associated microbiomes touch all facets of health. However, effective therapies that target the microbiome have been elusive given its inherent complexity. Here, we experimentally examined diet-microbe-host interactions through a complex systems framework, centered on dietary oxalate.

Associations between School-Based Vision Program Outcomes and School Characteristics in 410 Schools.

Objective: School-based vision programs (SBVPs) deliver vision care services directly to students at school, helping address disparities in access to pediatric vision care. We aim to evaluate the associations between SBVP outcomes and school-level characteristics.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional data analysis PARTICIPANTS: Public schools with at least 50 SBVP-enrolled students 5 to 22 years old with complete demographic data.

Refractive Profiles in Children Receiving School-Based Eye Exams Following Vision Screening from a Large School-Based Vision Program in 2016 to 2022.

Purpose: To describe refractive error findings and associated factors in students who received school-based eye exams following vision screenings.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of pre-kindergarten through 12 grade students who failed vision screening and underwent a school-based eye exam in the Northeast region of the United States during 2016-2022. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction and visual acuity measurements were used to categorize refractive error by type and severity.

Effects of fine particulate matter from wildfire and non-wildfire sources on emergency-department visits in people who were housed and unhoused in San Diego County (CA, USA) during 2012-20: a time-stratified case-crossover study.

Background: Being unhoused can increase vulnerability to adverse health effects due to air pollution. We aimed to quantify changes in emergency-department visits during and after exposure to wildfire-specific and non-wildfire particulate matter 2·5 μm or less in diameter (PM) in San Diego County (CA, USA) in people who were both unhoused and housed.

Methods: For this time-stratified case-crossover study, we used data on exposure to wildfire-specific PM in California and individual-level data for people admitted to the emergency departments of two hospitals (UC San Diego Health emergency departments at La Jolla and Hillcrest, San Diego) in San Diego County between July 1, 2012, and Dec 31, 2020.

Comparison of Posttherapy 4- and 24-Hour [Lu]Lu-PSMA SPECT/CT and Pretherapy PSMA PET/CT in Assessment of Disease in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

[Lu]Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an effective treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). [Lu]Lu-PSMA SPECT/CT 24 h after injection has shown potential as a response biomarker for [Lu]Lu-PSMA therapy but is not convenient for patients. This study investigated 4-h [Lu]Lu-PSMA SPECT/CT as an alternative to 24-h [Lu]Lu-PSMA SPECT/CT for evaluation of treatment response.

Copper-Catalyzed 1,3-Aminocyclization of Cyclopropanes as a Rapid Entry to γ-Amino Heterocycles.

We herein report a copper-catalyzed 1,3-aminocyclization of cyclopropanes as a direct and versatile entry into important heterocycles. This reaction was initiated by a copper-catalyzed, NFSI-promoted ring opening of cyclopropanes, followed by nucleophilic cyclization. A variety of nucleophiles successfully participate in this transformation, including alcohols, carboxylic acids, sulfonamides, and amides, for the construction of diverse cyclic ethers, pyrrolidines, lactones, and iminolactones.

Level of expression of MHCI-presented neoepitopes influences tumor rejection by neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells.

Neoantigen-targeted therapy holds an array of benefits for cancer immunotherapy, but the identification of peptide targets with tumor rejection capacity remains a limitation. To better define the criteria dictating tumor rejection potential, we examined the capacity of high-magnitude T cell responses induced towards several distinct neoantigen targets to regress MC38 tumors. Surprisingly, despite their demonstrated immunogenicity, vaccine-induced T-cell responses were unable to regress established MC38 tumors or prevent tumor engraftment in a prophylactic setting.

Promoting Collaborative Scholarship During the COVID-19 Pandemic Through an Innovative COVID-19 Data Explorer and Repository at Yale School of Medicine: Development and Usability Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic sparked a surge of research publications spanning epidemiology, basic science, and clinical science. Thanks to the digital revolution, large data sets are now accessible, which also enables real-time epidemic tracking. However, despite this, academic faculty and their trainees have been struggling to access comprehensive clinical data.

Utility of Cu-Sarcophagine-Bombesin PET/CT in Men with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer and Negative or Equivocal Findings on Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.

Despite a high detection rate of Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT in biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer, a significant proportion of men have negative Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT results. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, targeted by the copper-chelated bombesin analog Cu-sarcophagine-bombesin (SAR-BBN) PET/CT, is also overexpressed in prostate cancer. In this prospective imaging study, we investigate the detection rate of Cu-SAR-BBN PET/CT in patients with BCR and negative or equivocal Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT results.

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome with disseminated intra-abdominal gonorrhoea.

Neisseria gonorrhoea continues to be implicated in a large proportion of sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Prompt recognition of infection is required to prevent further complications which include pelvic inflammatory disease and less commonly, perihepatitis which is known eponymously as Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome. Third generation cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone remain effective in the treatment of gonococcal infection, however failure in initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy in a timely manner can result in further disseminated disease.

Worsening of anemia increases the risks of complications and prolonged length of stay following revision total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: There are no studies currently in the literature that assesses complications following revision total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in patients with varying severity of anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of preoperative anemia severity on postoperative complications following revision TSA.

Methods: Patients undergoing revision TSA from 2013 to 2019 were queried in a national database.

Decreased CREB phosphorylation impairs embryonic retinal neurogenesis in the mouse model of Ocular albinism.

Mutations in the human Ocular albinism type-1 gene are associated with abnormal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) melanogenesis and poor binocular vision resulting from misrouting of ipsilateral retinal ganglion cell (iRGC) axons to the brain. We studied the latter using wild-type (WT) and mouse eyes. At embryonic stages, the WT RPE-specific Oa1 protein signals through cAMP/Epac1-Erk2-CREB.