Developmental and physiological impacts of pathogenic human huntingtin protein in the nervous system.

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, part of the nine identified inherited polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases. Most commonly, HD pathophysiology manifests in middle-aged adults with symptoms including progressive loss of motor control, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances. Associated with the pathophysiology of HD is the formation of insoluble fragments of the huntingtin protein (htt) that tend to aggregate in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons.

Cell fixation improves performance of in situ crosslinking mass spectrometry while preserving cellular ultrastructure.

Crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has the potential to map the interactome of the cell with high resolution and depth of coverage. However, current in vivo XL-MS methods are hampered by crosslinkers that demonstrate low cell permeability and require long reaction times. Consequently, interactome sampling is not high and long incubation times can distort the cell, bringing into question the validity any protein interactions identified by the method.

Muscle-fiber specific genetic manipulation of sallimus severely impacts neuromuscular development, morphology, and physiology.

The ability of skeletal muscles to contract is derived from the unique genes and proteins expressed within muscles, most notably myofilaments and elastic proteins. Here we investigated the role of the sallimus () gene, which encodes a structural homologue of titin, in regulating development, structure, and function of . Knockdown of using RNA interference (RNAi) in all body-wall muscle fibers resulted in embryonic lethality.

Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background: Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) affects 17.6% of adults aged 50 to 79 years, particularly women. While exercise therapy and corticosteroid injections (CSIs) are common treatments, their limitations include inadequate pain control and potential tendon weakening.

Developmental and physiological impacts of pathogenic human huntingtin protein in the nervous system.

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, part of the nine identified inherited polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases. Most commonly, HD pathophysiology manifests in middle-aged adults with symptoms including progressive loss of motor control, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances. Associated with the pathophysiology of HD is the formation of insoluble fragments of the huntingtin protein (htt) that tend to aggregate in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons.

Multimodal smoking cessation treatment combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and nicotine replacement in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: A feasibility randomized controlled trial protocol.

Tobacco-related deaths remain the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Veterans suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-about 11% of those receiving care from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)-have triple the risk of developing tobacco use disorder (TUD). The most efficacious strategies being used at the VA for smoking cessation only result in a 23% abstinence rate, and veterans with PTSD only achieve a 4.

Targeting the Sweet Spot: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Anterior Versus Posterior Glenohumeral Joint Injections for Adhesive Capsulitis.

Objective: To compare clinical outcomes following steroid injections using the anterior and posterior approaches.

Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Setting: Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) and prospective comparative studies.

Enhanced motor network engagement during reward gain anticipation in fibromyalgia.

Reward motivation is essential in shaping human behavior and cognition. Both reward motivation and reward brain circuits are altered in chronic pain conditions, including fibromyalgia. In this study of fibromyalgia patients, we used a data-driven independent component analysis (ICA) approach to investigate how brain networks contribute to altered reward processing.

Multifractal long-range dependence pattern of functional magnetic resonance imaging in the human brain at rest.

Long-range dependence is a prevalent phenomenon in various biological systems that characterizes the long-memory effect of temporal fluctuations. While recent research suggests that functional magnetic resonance imaging signal has fractal property, it remains unknown about the multifractal long-range dependence pattern of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals. The current study adopted the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis on highly sampled resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans to investigate long-range dependence profile associated with the whole-brain voxels as specific functional networks.

Comprehensive Grading System of Inflammatory Features of the Lumbar Facet Joints on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Study Design: Retrospective.

Objective: We aimed to describe a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based grading system of inflammatory features of the lumbar facet joints using an atlas and assess its reliability.

Summary Of Background Data: Chronic low back pain is often caused by facet joint arthropathy.

Computerized Games versus Crosswords Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases the risk of dementia. The efficacy of cognitive training in patients with MCI is unclear.

Methods: In a two-site, single-blinded, 78-week trial, participants with MCI - stratified by age, severity (early/late MCI), and site - were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of intensive, home-based, computerized training with Web-based cognitive games or Web-based crossword puzzles, followed by six booster sessions.

Proportionate mortality and national rate of death from COVID-19 among US law enforcement officers: 2020.

Purpose –: The goal of the present study is to determine the proportionate mortality and national rate of duty-related deaths from COVID-19 among US law enforcement officers during the year 2020.

Design/methodology/approach –: Data for the current study were obtained from the National Law Enforcement Officer Memorial Fund (NLEOMF) database for the year 2020. The database contains deaths designated as caused by incidents that occurred while in the line of duty.

Altered Functional Networks during Gain Anticipation in Fibromyalgia.

Reward motivation is essential in shaping human behavior and cognition. Previous studies have shown altered reward motivation and reward brain circuitry in chronic pain conditions, including fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, cognitive problems, and mood-related symptoms.

High-Sensitivity Proteome-Scale Searches for Crosslinked Peptides Using CRIMP 2.0.

Crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is a valuable technique for generating point-to-point distance measurements in protein space. However, cell-based XL-MS experiments require efficient software that can detect crosslinked peptides with sensitivity and controlled error rates. Many algorithms implement a filtering strategy designed to reduce the size of the database prior to mounting a search for crosslinks, but concern has been expressed over the possibility of reduced sensitivity using these strategies.

Resting-state functional connectivity in lifelong musicians.

Background: It has been postulated that musicianship can lead to enhanced brain and cognitive reserve, but the neural mechanisms of this effect have been poorly understood. Lifelong professional musicianship in conjunction with novel brain imaging techniques offers a unique opportunity to examine brain network differences between musicians and matched controls.

Objective: In this study we aim to investigate how resting-state functional networks (FNs) manifest in lifelong active musicians.

Grading Systems of Lumbar Facet Joint Inflammatory Changes on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Scoping Review.

Study Design: A scoping review.

Objective: We aimed to identify and characterize grading systems of the inflammatory features of the lumbar facet joints (FJs) noted on magnetic resonance imaging and summarize their reliability.

Summary Of Background Data: Chronic low back pain is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide and is frequently accompanied by FJ osteoarthritis.

Mental Health Treatment Reported by US Workers before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: United States (2019-2020).

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a significant and unprecedented exacerbation of community mental health challenges. We compared the prevalence of mental health treatment (MHT) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among US workers. Self-reported MHT data (N = 30,680) were obtained from the Sample Adult data of the National Health Interview Survey (2019 and 2020).

Impact of Computerized Cognitive Training on Default Mode Network Connectivity in Subjects at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease: A 78-week Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a high risk group for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Computerized Cognitive Games Training (CCT) is an investigational strategy to improve targeted functions in MCI through the modulation of cognitive networks.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the effect of CCT versus a non-targeted active brain exercise on functional cognitive networks.

Adolescent alcohol use is linked to disruptions in age-appropriate cortical thinning: an unsupervised machine learning approach.

Cortical thickness changes dramatically during development and is associated with adolescent drinking. However, previous findings have been inconsistent and limited by region-of-interest approaches that are underpowered because they do not conform to the underlying spatially heterogeneous effects of alcohol. In this study, adolescents (n = 657; 12-22 years at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study who endorsed little to no alcohol use at baseline were assessed with structural magnetic resonance imaging and followed longitudinally at four yearly intervals.

Effect of surgical mask on fMRI signals during task and rest.

Wearing a face mask has become essential to contain the spread of COVID-19 and has become mandatory when collecting fMRI data at most research institutions. Here, we investigate the effects of wearing a surgical mask on fMRI data in n = 37 healthy participants. Activations during finger tapping, emotional face matching, working memory tasks, and rest were examined.

Adverse childhood experiences and police mental health.

Purpose –: The purpose of this study is to examine cross-sectional associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health among police officers.

Design/methodology/approach –: The sample was from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study data (132 male and 51 female officers). Standardized surveys were administered to participants.

Association Between the Metabolic Syndrome and Retinal Microvascular Diameters Among Police Officers.

Objectives: We examined the associations of the metabolic syndrome severity score (MSSS) and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) components with central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE).

Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were 253 officers from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study (2011-2014). The MSSS is a z -score that represents the severity of MetSyn and was estimated using a sex/race-specific equation and the five MetSyn components.