Smoking, nicotine and pregnancy 2 (SNAP2) trial: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of an intervention to improve adherence to nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy.

Introduction: Smoking during pregnancy is harmful to unborn babies, infants and women. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is offered as the usual stop-smoking support in the UK. However, this is often used in insufficient doses, intermittently or for too short a time to be effective.

Quantitative biodistribution of biotherapeutics at whole body, organ and cellular levels by autoradiography.

Aim: Tools for mapping and quantifying monoclonal antibody (mAb) and peptide biotherapeutics distribumtion were evaluated by comparing data from three independent methods conducted at the whole body, organ or tissue, and cellular levels.

Materials & Methods: [H]-mAb1 and [H]-peptide A were administered intravenously to rats followed by quantitative whole-body autoradiography, kidney macro-autoradiography and micro-autoradiography.

Results: [H]-mAb1 and [H]-peptide A concentrations were measured in anatomical regions ranging from whole body to whole organ to sub-organ level, such as the kidney glomerulus, with increasing resolution.

Disposition, metabolism and mass balance of delafloxacin in healthy human volunteers following intravenous administration.

1. The pharmacokinetics and disposition of delafloxacin was investigated following a single intravenous (300 mg, 100 µCi) dose to healthy male subjects. 2.

Quantitative whole-body autoradiography: past, present and future.

Traditional bioanalytical measurements determine concentrations of drug and metabolites in plasma; however, most drugs exert their effects in defined target tissues. As there is no clear relation between concentrations in plasma and those in tissue, alternative methods must be employed to study the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of new therapeutic agents. Quantitative whole-body autoradiography is used in the drug development process to determine the distribution and concentrations of radiolabeled test compounds in laboratory animals.

Recombinant fusion protein linking factor VIIa with albumin (rVIIa-FP): Tissue distribution in rats.

Introduction: A novel fusion protein linking coagulation factor VIIa with albumin (rVIIa-FP) is currently undergoing clinical investigations.

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the biodistribution of rVIIa-FP in comparison to recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa).

Materials And Methods: [(3)H]-rVIIa-FP (10mgkg(-1)) or [(3)H]-rFVIIa (1.

Biodistribution of the recombinant fusion protein linking coagulation factor IX with albumin (rIX-FP) in rats.

Introduction: The recombinant fusion protein linking coagulation factor IX with albumin (rIX-FP) is undergoing clinical trials for prophylaxis and on-demand treatment of haemophilia B patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics, whole-body and knee joint distribution of rIX-FP following intravenous administration to rats, compared with a marketed, non-fused rFIX and recombinant human albumin.

Material And Methods: [(3)H]-rIX-FP, [(3)H]-rFIX or [(3)H]-albumin were administered to rats followed by quantitative whole-body autoradiography over 24 or 240 hours, and the tissue distribution as well as elimination of radioactivity were measured.

Quantitative whole-body autoradiography, LC-MS/MS and MALDI for drug-distribution studies in biological samples: the ultimate matrix trilogy.

The drug-development process requires an understanding of the ADME properties of the novel therapeutic agent. Determination of drug concentrations and identity in excreta (urine and feces) examines the products of these processes. Similar measurements made on plasma, while accurately determining exposure, show only what is being transported around the body.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry imaging for the examination of imipramine absorption by Straticell-RHE-EPI/001 an artificial model of the human epidermis.

In order to assess the potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry imaging for the examination of artificial skin models, the absorption of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine into Straticell-RHE-EPI/001 an artificial model of the human epidermis has been studied. The presence of imipramine could be clearly discerned in treated samples by imaging the distribution of the protonated molecule at m/z 281.18 in samples taken 2 and 8 h after treatment.

A simple aspiration test to determine the accuracy of oesophageal placement of fine-bore feeding tubes.

Objective: To evaluate whether a simple aspiration test can be used to accurately confirm the correct placement of fine-bore feeding tubes in the oesophagus and prevent their inadvertent placement in the bronchial tree.

Design: We conducted an ethically approved, randomised, blinded trial to assess the accuracy of a simple aspiration test to differentiate between oesophageal and tracheal placement.

Setting: A tertiary referral cardiothoracic surgical unit.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-ion mobility separation-mass spectrometry imaging of vinblastine in whole body tissue sections.

During early-stage drug development, drug and metabolite distribution studies are carried out in animal tissues using a range of techniques, particularly whole body autoradiography (WBA). While widely employed, WBA has a number of limitations, including the following: expensive synthesis of radiolabeled drugs and analyte specificity and identification. WBA only images the radiolabel.

The effect of videotaped preoperative information on parental anxiety during anesthesia induction for elective pediatric procedures.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether audiovisual information, describing the process of undergoing and recovering from anesthesia, could reduce anxiety levels in parents before their child's induction of anesthesia.

Methods: One hundred and eleven parents were recruited into this study. Of these 56 were randomized to a control group and 55 to an intervention group.