A comprehensive multicenter analysis of clinical, molecular, and imaging characteristics and outcomes of H3 K27-altered diffuse midline glioma in adults.

Objective: The objective was to comprehensively investigate the clinical, molecular, and imaging characteristics and outcomes of H3 K27-altered diffuse midline glioma (DMG) in adults.

Methods: Retrospective chart and imaging reviews were performed in 111 adult patients with H3 K27-altered DMG from two tertiary institutions. Clinical, molecular, imaging, and survival characteristics were analyzed.

COVID-19 Neuroimaging Update: Pathophysiology, Acute Findings, and Post-Acute Developments.

COVID-19 has prominent effects on the nervous system with important manifestations on neuroimaging. In this review, we discuss the neuroimaging appearance of acute COVID-19 that became evident during the early stages of the pandemic. We highlight the underlying pathophysiology mediating nervous system effects and neuroimaging appearances including systemic inflammatory response such as cytokine storm, coagulopathy, and para/post-infections immune mediated phenomena.

Healthcare resilience: a meta-narrative systematic review and synthesis of reviews.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has tested global healthcare resilience. Many countries previously considered 'resilient' have performed poorly. Available organisational and system frameworks tend to be context-dependent and focus heavily on physical capacities.

Health Systems Science - A Primer for Radiologists.

Health systems science (HSS) is an educational framework designed to promote improved care through enhanced citizenship and the training of systems-fluent individuals trained in the science of health care delivery.  HSS education in residency builds upon foundations established during medical school, emphasizing practical skills development, and fostering a growth mindset among trainees.  The HSS framework organizes elements of system-based practice for radiology trainees, promoting practice-readiness for providing safe, timely, effective, efficient, equitable and patient centered radiological care.

Brain MRI findings in COVID-19 patients with PRES: A systematic review.

Background: Numerous case reports and case series have described brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with concurrent posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Purpose: We aim to compile and analyze brain MRI findings in patients with COVID-19 disease and PRES.

Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched on April 5th, 2021 using the terms "COVID-19", "PRES", "SARS-CoV-2" for peer-reviewed publications describing brain MRI findings in patients 21 years of age or older with evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and PRES.

Review of COVID-19, part 2: Musculoskeletal and neuroimaging manifestations including vascular involvement of the aorta and extremities.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has affected almost every country in the world resulting in severe morbidity, mortality and economic hardship, altering the landscape of healthcare forever. Its devastating and most frequent thoracic and cardiac manifestations have been well reported since the start of the pandemic. Its extra-thoracic manifestations are myriad and understanding them is critical in diagnosis and disease management.

Review of COVID-19, part 1: Abdominal manifestations in adults and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has affected almost every country in the world, resulting in severe morbidity, mortality and economic hardship, and altering the landscape of healthcare forever. Although primarily a pulmonary illness, it can affect multiple organ systems throughout the body, sometimes with devastating complications and long-term sequelae. As we move into the second year of this pandemic, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the virus and the varied imaging findings of COVID-19 in the involved organs is crucial to better manage this complex multi-organ disease and to help improve overall survival.

Neurologic Syndromes Predict Higher In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19.

Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is protean in its manifestations, affecting nearly every organ system. However, nervous system involvement and its effect on disease outcome are poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to determine whether neurologic syndromes are associated with increased risk of inpatient mortality.

Cerebrospinal Fluid in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Implications of Elevated Protein and Pleocytosis.

Background And Purpose: Patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) sometimes undergo analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to exclude alternative diagnoses. This study's objectives were to describe the CSF characteristics in patients with PRES and to identify clinical and radiologic findings associated with distinct CSF abnormalities.

Methods: We identified a retrospective cohort of patients with PRES.

White matter microstructural abnormalities in blast-exposed combat veterans: accounting for potential pre-injury factors using consanguineous controls.

Purpose: Assess the prevalence of white matter microstructural changes in combat veterans, within the context of a highly matched control group comprising unexposed close relatives.

Methods: This prospective study had institutional review board approval, included written informed consent, and is HIPAA-compliant. Diffusion tensor imaging was analyzed in 16 male blast-exposed combat veterans of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (mean age 31.

Splenule disguised as pancreatic mass: elucidated with SPECT liver-spleen scintigraphy.

Splenules are congenital foci of healthy splenic tissue that are separate from the main body but are structurally identical to the spleen, derived from mesenchymal buds on the left side of the mesogastrium and commonly seen in or near the tail of the pancreas. We report a case of a 58-year-old male who was found to have a pancreatic tail mass on contrast-enhanced abdominal CT, which was similarly disguised as a pancreatic tail mass on both magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and abdominal MRI. A liver spleen scintigraph with Tc sulfur colloid later proved the mass to be a splenule.

Trans-synaptic EphB2-ephrin-B3 interaction regulates excitatory synapse density by inhibition of postsynaptic MAPK signaling.

Nervous system function requires tight control over the number of synapses individual neurons receive, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate synapse number remain obscure. Here we present evidence that a trans-synaptic interaction between EphB2 in the presynaptic compartment and ephrin-B3 in the postsynaptic compartment regulates synapse density and the formation of dendritic spines. Observations in cultured cortical neurons demonstrate that synapse density scales with ephrin-B3 expression level and is controlled by ephrin-B3-dependent competitive cell-cell interactions.

Ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2 mediate EphB-dependent presynaptic development via syntenin-1.

The development of central nervous system synapses requires precise coordination between presynaptic and postsynaptic components. The EphB family controls postsynaptic development by interacting with glutamate receptors and regulating dendritic filopodia motility, but how EphBs induce the formation of presynaptic specializations is less well understood. Here, we show that knockdown of presynaptic ephrin-B1, ephrin-B2, or syntenin-1, but not ephrin-B3, prevents EphB-dependent presynaptic development.

Psychological and cumulative cardiovascular effects of repeated angry rumination and visuospatial suppression.

Brooding rumination is associated with depressed mood, increased negative affect, prolonged anger and inhibited cardiovascular (CV) recovery. Distraction from rumination on a stressful interpersonal encounter is associated with faster CV recovery and decreased negative affect. Studies have suggested that a concurrent visuospatial (VS) task inhibits the maintenance of imagery associated with the perseveration of intrusive negative memories.

Cell adhesion molecules: signalling functions at the synapse.

Many cell adhesion molecules are localized at synaptic sites in neuronal axons and dendrites. These molecules bridge pre- and postsynaptic specializations but do far more than simply provide a mechanical link between cells. In this review, we will discuss the roles these proteins have during development and at mature synapses.

Intracellular and trans-synaptic regulation of glutamatergic synaptogenesis by EphB receptors.

The majority of mature excitatory synapses in the CNS are found on dendritic spines and contain AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors apposed to presynaptic specializations. EphB receptor tyrosine kinase signaling has been implicated in both NMDA-type glutamate receptor clustering and dendritic spine formation, but it remains unclear whether EphB plays a broader role in presynaptic and postsynaptic development. Here, we find that EphB2 is involved in organizing excitatory synapses through the independent activities of particular EphB2 protein domains.

Reduction of vividness and associated craving in personalized food imagery.

This study aimed to extend recent experimental work on the efficacy of visuo-spatial working memory-based techniques for reducing food cravings by adopting a more naturalistic methodology. Fifty undergraduate women formed images of their favorite foods while performing a visuo-spatial task across six successive trials. Vividness and craving intensity were rated for each food image.