Diabetes-free survival among living kidney donors and non-donors with obesity: A longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Approval of living kidney donors (LKD) with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) risk factors, such as obesity, has increased. While lifetime ESKD development data are lacking, the study of intermediate outcomes such as diabetes is critical for LKD safety. Donation-attributable diabetes risk among persons with obesity remains unknown.

Change in Body Mass Index and Attributable Risk of New-Onset Hypertension Among Obese Living Kidney Donors.

Objective: To examine whether body mass index (BMI) changes modify the association between kidney donation and incident hypertension.

Background: Obesity increases hypertension risk in both general and living kidney donor (LKD) populations. Donation-attributable risk in the context of obesity, and whether weight change modifies that risk, is unknown.

Catching objects thrown to oneself: Testing control strategies for object interception in a novel domain.

A considerable amount of research has been performed to determine the strategies people use to intercept moving objects. Much of this research has been done using target objects such as baseballs and Frisbees that are launched to people from distances ranging from 10 m to 50 m. This research has qualified the range of domains in which each strategy is effective, but there is still controversy regarding which strategy has the most general application.

Receivers in American football use a constant optical projection plane angle to pursue and catch thrown footballs.

In the present work we test how well two interceptive strategies, which have been proposed for catching balls hit high in the air in baseball and cricket, account for receivers in American football catching footballs. This is an important test of the domain generality of these strategies as this is the first study examining a situation where the pursuer's locomotor axis is directed away from the origin of the ball, and because the flight characteristics of an American football are far different from targets studied in prior work. The first strategy is to elicit changes in the ball's lateral optical position that match changes in the vertical optical position so that the optical projection plane angle, psi, remains constant, thus resulting in a linear optical trajectory (LOT).

Chasin' choppers: using unpredictable trajectories to test theories of object interception.

Three theories of the informational basis for object interception strategies were tested in an experiment where participants pursued toy helicopters. Helicopters were used as targets because their unpredictable trajectories have different effects on the optical variables that have been proposed as the basis of object interception, providing a basis for determining the variables that best explain this behavior. Participants pursued helicopters while the positions of both pursuer and helicopter were continuously monitored.

Blind(fold)ed by science: a constant target-heading angle is used in visual and nonvisual pursuit.

Previous work investigating the strategies that observers use to intercept moving targets has shown that observers maintain a constant target-heading angle (CTHA) to achieve interception. Most of this work has concluded or indirectly assumed that vision is necessary to do this. We investigated whether blindfolded pursuers chasing a ball carrier holding a beeping football would utilize the same strategy that sighted observers use to chase a ball carrier.

To see or not to see: effects of visual feedback on performance and intuitions of quarterbacks in American football.

We investigated the ability of quarterbacks in American football to intercept a moving receiver with a football in occluded and normal viewing conditions, and whether they can accurately predict their own success. Quarterbacks were successful in almost 80% of the trials in the occlusion condition, statistically as successful as in the normal viewing condition. Quarterbacks' predictions of their own success accounted for little variance in actual success.

The visual perception of lines on the road.

The present work demonstrates that observers grossly underestimate the length of lines parallel to their line of sight. In Experiment 1, observers, working from memory, estimated the length of a dashed line on the road to be 0.61 m.