Profiles of Cognitive Functioning at 6 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury Among Patients in Level I Trauma Centers: A TRACK-TBI Study.

Importance: Cognitive dysfunction is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI), with a well-established dose-response relationship between TBI severity and likelihood or magnitude of persistent cognitive impairment. However, patterns of cognitive dysfunction in the long-term (eg, 6-month) recovery period are less well known.

Objective: To characterize the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction within and across cognitive domains (processing speed, memory, and executive functioning) 6 months after injury in patients with TBI seen at level I trauma centers.

Three potential neurovascular pathways driving the benefits of mindfulness meditation for older adults.

Mindfulness meditation has been shown to be beneficial for a range of different health conditions, impacts brain function and structure relatively quickly, and has shown promise with aging samples. Functional magnetic resonance imaging metrics provide insight into neurovascular health which plays a key role in both normal and pathological aging processes. Experimental mindfulness meditation studies that included functional magnetic resonance metrics as an outcome measure may point to potential neurovascular mechanisms of action relevant for aging adults that have not yet been previously examined.

Investigating the association between subjective and objective performance-based cognitive function among former collegiate football players.

Objective: Studies have observed variable associations of prior contact sport participation with subjective and objective measures of cognitive function. This study directly investigated the association between subjective self-report and objective performance-based cognition among former collegiate football players, as well as its relationship to self-reported concussion history.

Methods: Former collegiate football players (N = 57; mean age = 37.

Investigating the overlapping associations of prior concussion, default mode connectivity, and executive function-based symptoms.

Growing evidence suggests that younger athletes with greater concussion history are more likely to endorse greater subjective cognitive (e.g., executive function) symptoms, but not perform worse on objective cognitive testing.

Contribution of Peripheral Injuries to the Symptom Experience of Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Peripheral injuries are common in patients who experience mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, the additive or interactive effects of polytrauma on psychosocial adjustment, functional limitations, and clinical outcomes after head injury remain relatively unexamined. Using a recently developed structured injury symptom interview, we assessed the perception and relative importance of peripheral injuries at 3 months post-injury in patients with mTBI as defined by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.

A Neuropsychological Profile for Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis: A Single-Case Study.

Objective: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) belongs to a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders known as autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. Low awareness of CTX can result in misdiagnoses in the differential diagnostic process and may limit one's ability to offer suitable recommendations. While neurodegeneration is a recognized manifestation of CTX, there is scant literature to characterize the nature of cortical symptoms and even less detailing of its associated neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations.

The vulnerability of self-reported disability measures to malingering: a simulated ADHD study.

Objective: Making diagnostic and accommodation decisions for potential Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults is difficult, as the assessor often relies more on self-reported symptoms and functional disability than in childhood evaluations. Malingering of ADHD occurs frequently in the educational setting and for a variety of reasons, including the potential benefits of access to stimulant medications and academic accommodations.

Method: The present study utilized a simulation design to examine the potential for malingering of self-reported functional disability on the World Health Organization Disability Schedule 2.