The History of Chromosomal Instability in Genome-Doubled Tumors.

Tumors frequently display high chromosomal instability and contain multiple copies of genomic regions. Here, we describe Gain Route Identification and Timing In Cancer (GRITIC), a generic method for timing genomic gains leading to complex copy number states, using single-sample bulk whole-genome sequencing data. By applying GRITIC to 6,091 tumors, we found that non-parsimonious evolution is frequent in the formation of complex copy number states in genome-doubled tumors.

Evaluation of deep-learning TSE images in clinical musculoskeletal imaging.

In this study, we compared the fat-saturated (FS) and non-FS turbo spin echo (TSE) magnetic resonance imaging knee sequences reconstructed conventionally (conventional-TSE) against a deep learning-based reconstruction of accelerated TSE (DL-TSE) scans. A total of 232 conventional-TSE and DL-TSE image pairs were acquired for comparison. For each consenting patient, one of the clinically acquired conventional-TSE proton density-weighted sequences in the sagittal or coronal planes (FS and non-FS), or in the axial plane (non-FS), was repeated using a research DL-TSE sequence.

Preceptorship in robotic colorectal surgery: experience from the Australian private sector.

This article describes a post-fellowship preceptorship training program to train sub-specialty colorectal surgeons in gaining proficiency in robotic colorectal surgery using a dual-surgeon model in the Australian private sector. The Australian colorectal surgeon faces challenges in gaining robotic colorectal surgery proficiency with limited exposure and experience in the public setting where the majority of general and colorectal surgery training is currently conducted. This training model uses graded exposure with a range of simulation training, wet lab training, and clinical operative cases to progress through both competency and proficiency in robotic colorectal surgery which is mutually beneficial to surgeons and patients alike.

A survey of chromosomal instability measures across mechanistic models.

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the persistent reshuffling of cancer karyotypes via chromosome mis-segregation during cell division. In cancer, CIN exists at varying levels that have differential effects on tumor progression. However, mis-segregation rates remain challenging to assess in human cancer despite an array of available measures.

The reckoning of chromosomal instability: past, present, future.

Quantitative measures of CIN are crucial to our understanding of its role in cancer. Technological advances have changed the way CIN is quantified, offering increased accuracy and insight. Here, we review measures of CIN through its rise as a field, discuss considerations for its measurement, and look forward to future quantification of CIN.

The family caregiving; A Rogerian concept analysis of Muslim perspective & Islamic sources.

Despite the numerous concepts of caregiving discussed in the literature, there is still no agreed definition and concept of family caregiving from the perspective of Islam. This study aims to comprehensively define family caregiving from Islamic religious and Muslim cultural perspectives. Rodger's evolutionary model was used to generate content by analyzing and redefining concepts.

Role of Age as a Predictor of Major Complications After Elective Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the elderly population is increasing. The aim of this study was to assess the degree to which age and other factors increase the risk of developing major complications in patients undergoing elective surgery for UC.

Methods: Using the ACS-NSQIP database from 2016 to 2020, patients undergoing elective surgery for UC were divided into four categories: younger than 30, 30-49, 50-69, and 70 or older.

Diverse microtubule-targeted anticancer agents kill cells by inducing chromosome missegregation on multipolar spindles.

Microtubule-targeted agents are commonly used for cancer treatment, though many patients do not benefit. Microtubule-targeted drugs were assumed to elicit anticancer activity via mitotic arrest because they cause cell death following mitotic arrest in cell culture. However, we recently demonstrated that intratumoral paclitaxel concentrations are insufficient to induce mitotic arrest and rather induce chromosomal instability (CIN) via multipolar mitotic spindles.

Validity of evaluating spinal kinetics without participant-specific kinematics.

Musculoskeletal models are commonly used to estimate in vivo spinal loads under various loading conditions. Typically, participant-specific measured kinematics (PSMK) are coupled with participant-specific models, but obtaining PSMK data can be costly and infeasible in large studies or clinical practice. Thus, we evaluated two alternative methods to estimate spinal loads without PSMK: 1) ensemble average kinematics (EAK) based on kinematics from all participants; and 2) using separately measured individual kinematics (SMIK) from multiple other participants as inputs, then averaging the resulting loads.

Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced colon cancer on postoperative complications.

Purpose: Although not considered standard therapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is an encouraging alternative for selected patients with locally advanced colon cancer (LAC). The aim of this study was to compare 30-day postoperative outcomes between patients undergoing upfront surgery and those undergoing NAC for LAC.

Methods: Using the ACS-NSQIP data from 2016 to 2020, 11,498 patients with LAC were divided into those who underwent upfront colectomy (96.

A survey of CIN measures across mechanistic models.

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the persistent reshuffling of cancer karyotypes via chromosome mis-segregation during cell division. In cancer, CIN exists at varying levels that have differential effects on tumor progression. However, mis-segregation rates remain challenging to assess in human cancer despite an array of available measures.

EMG Validation of a Subject-Specific Thoracolumbar Spine Musculoskeletal Model During Dynamic Activities in Older Adults.

Musculoskeletal models can uniquely estimate in vivo demands and injury risk. In this study, we aimed to compare muscle activations from subject-specific thoracolumbar spine OpenSim models with recorded muscle activity from electromyography (EMG) during five dynamic tasks. Specifically, 11 older adults (mean = 65 years, SD = 9) lifted a crate weighted to 10% of their body mass in axial rotation, 2-handed sagittal lift, 1-handed sagittal lift, and lateral bending, and simulated a window opening task.

Presentation and Surgical Management of Multiple Ligament Knee Injuries: A Multicenter Study from the Surgical Timing and Rehabilitation (STaR) Trial for MLKIs Network.

Background: Multiple ligament knee injuries (MLKIs) represent a spectrum of injury patterns that are often associated with concomitant musculoskeletal and neurovascular injuries, complex treatment, and postoperative complications. However, there has not been high-level evidence describing the presentation and treatment of MLKIs. The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to describe characteristics of MLKIs, their management, and related complications using a pathoanatomic MLKI classification system based on the Schenck Knee Dislocation classification system.

Using static postures to estimate spinal loading during dynamic lifts with participant-specific thoracolumbar musculoskeletal models.

Static biomechanical simulations are sometimes used to estimate in vivo kinetic demands because they can be solved efficiently, but this ignores any potential inertial effects. To date, comparisons between static and dynamic analyses of spinal demands have been limited to lumbar joint differences in young males performing sagittal lifts. Here we compare static and dynamic vertebral compressive and shear force estimates during axial, lateral, and sagittal lifting tasks across all thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in older men and women.

Effect of Surgical Humidification on Inflammation and Peritoneal Trauma in Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Pre-clinical studies indicate that dry-cold-carbon-dioxide (DC-CO2) insufflation leads to more peritoneal damage, inflammation and hypothermia compared with humidified-warm-CO (HW-CO2). Peritoneum and core temperature in patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery were compared.

Methods: Sixty-six patients were randomized into laparoscopic groups; those insufflated with DC-CO2 or HW-CO2.

Quantifying chromosomal instability from intratumoral karyotype diversity using agent-based modeling and Bayesian inference.

Chromosomal instability (CIN)-persistent chromosome gain or loss through abnormal mitotic segregation-is a hallmark of cancer that drives aneuploidy. Intrinsic chromosome mis-segregation rate, a measure of CIN, can inform prognosis and is a promising biomarker for response to anti-microtubule agents. However, existing methodologies to measure this rate are labor intensive, indirect, and confounded by selection against aneuploid cells, which reduces observable diversity.

Walking Biomechanics and Spine Loading in Patients With Symptomatic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

Symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis is a leading cause of pain and mobility limitation in older adults. It is clinically believed that patients with lumbar spinal stenosis adopt a flexed trunk posture or bend forward and alter their gait pattern to improve tolerance for walking. However, a biomechanical assessment of spine posture and motion during walking is broadly lacking in these patients.

Laparoscopic versus open resection for rectal cancer: An individual patient data meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aims: The role of laparoscopic rectal cancer resection remains controversial. Thus, we aimed to conduct a one-stage meta-analysis with reconstructed patient-level data using randomized trial data to compare long-term oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic and open surgical resection for rectal cancer.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE and Scopus were searched for articles comparing laparoscopic with open surgery for rectal cancer.

The Influence of Kinematic Constraints on Model Performance During Inverse Kinematics Analysis of the Thoracolumbar Spine.

Motion analysis is increasingly applied to spine musculoskeletal models using kinematic constraints to estimate individual intervertebral joint movements, which cannot be directly measured from the skin surface markers. Traditionally, kinematic constraints have allowed a single spinal degree of freedom (DOF) in each direction, and there has been little examination of how different kinematic constraints affect evaluations of spine motion. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of different kinematic constraints for inverse kinematics analysis.

Return to preinjury sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is predicted by five independent factors.

Purpose: To determine factors that predict return to the same frequency and type of sports participation with similar activity demands as before injury.

Methods: Individuals 1 to 5 years after primary ACL reconstruction completed a comprehensive survey related to sports participation and activity before injury and after surgery. Patient characteristics, injury variables, and surgical variables were extracted from the medical record.

External fixation increases complications following surgical treatment of multiple ligament knee injuries.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review post-operative complications after surgical intervention of MLKIs within the first 6 months to be better able to counsel patients before surgical intervention.

Methods: All patients who underwent surgical reconstruction for a MLKI at one institution from 2009 to 2018 were included in this study. A retrospective review was performed of all patients and post-operative complications were recorded, including motion loss (which included > 10 degree flexion loss or > 3 degree extension loss), hematoma formation, infection, iatrogenic vascular or nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), skin lesions, symptomatic hardware, recurrent ligamentous laxity, and need for additional surgery.

CRITERION-BASED REHABILITATION PROGRAM WITH RETURN TO SPORT TESTING FOLLOWING ACL RECONSTRUCTION: A CASE SERIES.

Background: Less than 50% of those sustaining an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury return to their preinjury level of sports participation or participate in competitive sport at two to seven years post ACL reconstruction (ACLR). After ACLR, it has been reported that frequency of subsequent ACL tears has reached as high as 31%.

Purpose: The purpose of this case series was to evaluate return to sport and reinjury rates following the use of a criterion-based rehabilitation protocol with a final return to sport test that utilizes minimal equipment following ACL reconstruction.