XanthoMoClo─A Robust Modular Cloning Genetic Toolkit for the Genera and .

Interest in species is increasing due to their unique metabolic capabilities. They can grow in both heterotrophic and fully autotrophic environments, including carbon dioxide, dinitrogen gas, and hydrogen as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy sources, respectively. Academic and industrial groups looking to leverage these metabolic properties are already using strains for the sustainable production of food and commodities.

Management of corneal injuries in spaceflight and recommendations for planetary missions.

In February 1968, NASA purchased 400 antigravity ballpoint pens from the Fisher Pen Company for the Apollo Program to prevent potential harm to astronauts and equipment. Mechanical pencils previously used in microgravity posed risks like eye injuries from floating fragments penetrating the cornea. The cornea is vulnerable to abrasions, perforations, and chemical burns in such environments, affecting crewmembers aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

Second booster doses of adenoviral- and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines increase protection against COVID-19 hospitalization: Final analysis from the REFORCO-Brazil real-world effectiveness study during Omicron.

Background: Booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines are required to maintain protection against SARS-CoV-2. However, real-world evidence from South America, needed to inform optimal vaccination strategies, is lacking. Herein, we present the final analysis of REFORCO-Brazil, a large-scale assessment of relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of second boosters (vs first boosters) against hospitalization with COVID-19.

Oculomics: Current Concepts and Evidence.

The eye provides novel insights into general health, as well as pathogenesis and development of systemic diseases. In the past decade, growing evidence has demonstrated that the eye's structure and function mirror multiple systemic health conditions, especially in cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and kidney impairments. This has given rise to the field of oculomics- the application of ophthalmic biomarkers to understand mechanisms, detect and predict disease.

Reverse genetics-derived cattle H5N1 virus from Clade 2.3.4.4b shows enhanced systemic infectivity and pathogenicity than an older Clade 1 H5N1 virus in BALB/c mice.

The newly emerged avian influenza A H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.

Social media in ophthalmology: A comprehensive literature review.

We examine the role of social media in ophthalmology, focusing on its impact on patient education, professional networking, and practice promotion. An English language, PubMed search from 2019 to 2024 was performed using the search terms: "social media" and "ophthalmology" on PubMed. An analysis based on the existing usage patterns and impact/effect of social media platforms in ophthalmology was performed and is described.

Urrets-Zavalia syndrome and secondary acute-angle closure glaucoma induced by implantable collamer lens.

Implantable collamer lenses (ICL) have revolutionized the management of high refractive errors, yet they present unique challenges. We present a case of a fixed and dilated atonic pupil following acute-angle closure glaucoma from pupillary block after ICL implantation, known as Urrets-Zavalia syndrome. A 39-year-old woman developed acute ocular pain and headaches after surgery, leading to elevated intraocular pressure and subsequent complications necessitating ICL removal.

Cerebellar output neurons can impair non-motor behaviors by altering development of extracerebellar connectivity.

The capacity of the brain to compensate for insults during development depends on the type of cell loss, whereas the consequences of genetic mutations in the same neurons are difficult to predict. We reveal powerful compensation from outside the mouse cerebellum when the excitatory cerebellar output neurons are ablated embryonically and demonstrate that the main requirement for these neurons is for motor coordination and not basic learning and social behaviors. In contrast, loss of the homeobox transcription factors Engrailed1/2 (EN1/2) in the cerebellar excitatory lineage leads to additional deficits in adult learning and spatial working memory, despite half of the excitatory output neurons being intact.

Next-Generation Protein Sequencing and individual ion mass spectrometry enable complementary analysis of interleukin-6.

The vast complexity of the proteome currently overwhelms any single analytical technology in capturing the full spectrum of proteoform diversity. In this study, we evaluated the complementarity of two cutting-edge proteomic technologies-single-molecule protein sequencing and individual ion mass spectrometry-for analyzing recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6) at the amino acid, peptide, and intact proteoform levels. For single-molecule protein sequencing, we employ the recently released Platinum instrument.

Neuro-ophthalmic complications following eighth cranial nerve microvascularx decompression.

Purpose: To discuss a novel diagnosis of post-surgical iatrogenic AICA vasospasm following eighth cranial nerve microvascular decompression as the most likely etiology for a lateral pontine infarct.

Observations: A 49-year-old male presented with tinnitus, vertigo, binocular and monocular diplopia following left occipital decompressive craniectomy and microvascular decompression of cranial nerve VIII. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated patent vasculature with evolution of a subacute infarct of the left lateral pons and middle cerebellar peduncle in the territory of the left AICA.

Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) and its countermeasures.

Astronauts can develop a distinct collection of neuro-ophthalmic findings during long duration spaceflight, collectively known as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). These clinical characteristics include optic disc edema, hyperopic refractive shifts, globe flattening, and chorioretinal folds, which may pose a health risk for future space exploration. Obtaining knowledge of SANS and countermeasures for its prevention is crucial for upcoming crewed space missions and warrants a multidisciplinary approach.

Readability of Hospital Online Patient Education Materials Across Otolaryngology Specialties.

Introduction: This study evaluates the readability of online patient education materials (OPEMs) across otolaryngology subspecialties, hospital characteristics, and national otolaryngology organizations, while assessing AI alternatives.

Methods: Hospitals from the US News Best ENT list were queried for OPEMs describing a chosen surgery per subspecialty; the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO), American Laryngological Association (ALA), Ear, Nose, and Throat United Kingdom (ENTUK), and the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (CSOHNS) were similarly queried. Google was queried for the top 10 links from hospitals per procedure.

Retesting of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 status of invasive carcinoma of the breast after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Aims: There is no consensus on whether oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status should be assessed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study assessed the frequency of changes in ER, PR and HER2 status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods And Results: Of 353 patients who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy and anti-HER2 treatment, receptors were assessed in 185 residual carcinomas.

Segmentation of cortical bone, trabecular bone, and medullary pores from micro-CT images using 2D and 3D deep learning models.

Computed tomography (CT) enables rapid imaging of large-scale studies of bone, but those datasets typically require manual segmentation, which is time-consuming and prone to error. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer an automated solution, achieving superior performance on image data. In this methodology-focused paper, we used CNNs to train segmentation models from scratch on 2D and 3D patches from micro-CT scans of otter long bones.

Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast resembling pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is commonly present in gynaecomastia, can be seen in some mammary fibroepithelial lesions and in fibrocystic change, and rarely forms a mass. Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast can have a wide range of appearances. This case series describes five spindle cell carcinomas of the breast resembling PASH, a pattern that does not appear to have been reported before.

Temporal Changes in Tasmanian Devil Genetic Diversity at Sites With and Without Supplementation.

Management interventions for threatened species are well documented with genetic data now playing a pivotal role in informing their outcomes. However, in situ actions like supplementations (releasing individuals into an existing population) are often restricted to a singular site. Considerable research and management effort have been dedicated to conserving the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), offering a unique opportunity to investigate the temporal genetic consequences of supplementation at multiple sites, in comparison to outcomes observed in the absence of management interventions.

Healthy ageing - Investing now for the future.

The rise in global life expectancy over the past century has resulted in a demographic shift leading to a significant rise in the elderly population. This gain in life expectancy however comes with a cost as ageing is often associated with an increasing burden of chronic disease conditions. In turn, this leads to greater healthcare and social care costs.

Polydipsia Induced Acute Angle-Closure Crisis.

We present a case of Acute Angle-Closure Crisis (AACC) precipitated by primary transient psychogenic polydipsia; we believe that our case is the first of its kind to be reported. A 74-year-old male presented to the emergency department with altered mental status due to acute-onset hyponatremia. Six days after admission, the patient noticed painful loss of vision in his right eye and an ipsilateral headache lasting 10-15 minutes.

The hypercapnic environment on the International Space Station (ISS): A potential contributing factor to ocular surface symptoms in astronauts.

With increasing advancements and efforts towards space exploration, there is a pressing need to understand the impacts of spaceflight on astronauts' health. Astronauts have reported signs and symptoms of dry eye disease upon traveling to the International Space Station (ISS), thus necessitating an evaluation of the factors that contribute to the onset of spaceflight associated dry eye disease. Prior literature describes the hypercapnic environment of the ISS; however, the link between the high CO levels and astronauts' symptoms of dry eye disease remains unexplored.

Horizontal extraocular muscle insertion locations in children undergoing extraocular muscle surgery.

Background: The location of extraocular muscle (EOM) insertions is clinically relevant in ophthalmologic surgery. The spiral of Tillaux has been a reference for normal EOM insertion since the nineteenth century. Research on EOM insertions is limited and has focused on adult cadaveric eyes.