Efficacy and Safety of an Etofenamate Medicated Plaster for Acute Ankle Sprain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The favorable benefit-risk profile of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) makes them a preferred treatment for pain relief in soft tissue injuries.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of a novel etofenamate 70-mg medicated plaster in patients with acute uncomplicated ankle sprain.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Iron Pharmacokinetics in Women with Iron Deficiency Anaemia Following A Single Oral Dose of a Novel Formulation of Tardyferon (Prolonged Release Ferrous Sulphate).

Numerous iron-containing preparations are available on the market; these vary in dosage, salt, chemical state of iron (ferric or ferrous) and in the iron delivery process (immediate or prolonged-release). Tardyferon® is a prolonged-release tablet containing 80 mg ferrous sulphate. The formulation has recently been modified; changes to the excipients which constitute the inert formulation matrix have allowed a decrease in tablet size for easier swallowing.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasal insulin spray (Nasulin) administered to healthy male volunteers: infuence of the nasal cycle.

Background: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a Bentley Pharmaceuticals proprietary intranasal (IN) insulin formulation (Nasulin) were studied in healthy volunteers.

Methods: Thirteen fasting healthy male volunteers received five doses of medication (one dose of 4 international units [IU] subcutaneous (SC) regular insulin and four doses of 25 IU IN insulin) at least 48 h apart. Serum insulin, serum C-peptide, and plasma glucose were measured in the 4 h after dosing.

24-hour variation in the reactivity of rate-pressure-product to everyday physical activity in patients attending a hypertension clinic.

The exercise-related response of the rate-pressure-product (RPP) is a prognostic marker of autonomic imbalance, cardiovascular mortality, and silent myocardial ischemia in hypertension. In view of the well-known 24 h variation in out-of-hospital sudden cardiac events, our aim was to investigate whether the reactivity of RPP to everyday physical activities varies over the 24 h. Ambulatory measurements of systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were recorded every 20 min for 24 h in 440 diurnally active patients attending a hypertension clinic.

Reactivity of ambulatory blood pressure to physical activity varies with time of day.

Blood pressure (BP) fluctuates over a 24-hour period, but it is unclear to what extent this variation is governed completely by changes in physical activity. Our aim was to use a BP "reactivity index" to investigate whether the BP response to a given level of physical activity changes during a normal sleep-wake cycle. Hypertensive patients (n=440) underwent simultaneous 24-hour ambulatory BP, heart rate (HR), and activity monitoring.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasal insulin administered to patients with type 1 diabetes: a preliminary study.

Background: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a Bentley Pharmaceuticals (Exeter, NH) proprietary insulin formulation designed for intranasal administration were studied in patients with type 1 diabetes, using subcutaneous insulin or placebo as comparator.

Methods: Seven fasting volunteer patients with type 1 diabetes (five men, two women; body mass index 23.54+/-1.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasal insulin administered to healthy subjects in escalating doses.

Background: This exploratory study examined the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a Bentley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (North Hampton, NH) proprietary insulin formulation utilizing CPE-215 technology designed for intranasal administration.

Methods: Eight fasting healthy volunteers (four men, four women; body mass index, 23.

The white-coat effect is associated with increased blood pressure reactivity to physical activity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that blood pressure (BP) reactivity to the stress of a clinic visit, the so-called white-coat effect, is associated with increased BP reactivity to physical activity.

Design: Patients referred to our clinic for assessment of hypertension prospectively underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and simultaneous actigraphy.

Methods: The difference between mean clinic BP and mean daytime ambulatory BP was considered to be a measure of the white-coat effect.

The morning surge in blood pressure and heart rate is dependent on levels of physical activity after waking.

Objective: To define the influence of morning physical activity levels on the magnitude of the morning surge in blood pressure and heart rate.

Design And Methods: Blood pressure and physical activity were simultaneously recorded in 420 patients by 24-h monitor and actigraphy. The morning surge was defined as the difference between mean blood pressure and heart rate values in the 4-h periods before and after waking; the trough-to-peak surge in blood pressure was also calculated.